Learn . preconceived, presentist, and erroneous assumptions, neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the present. The region of western and central New York where Finney was most active became the site of intensive religious fervor and reform. "Neither a Slave nor a King" intervenes in the scholarly debate over the "antislavery origins" of the sectional crisis in antebellum America - how the rise of a northern antislavery movement escalated the sectional tensions that led to southern secession and the Civil War. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. Saw both individuals and society at large as capable of indefinite improvement. \text{EXPENSES}\\ Many of his followers sold their worldly goods and gathered either in churches or in fields to await the arrival of Jesus. \text{Patent}& \$ 750,000 &\$ 875,000\\ \text{Convertible Preferred Stock}& \$ 2,000,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ Horrified, she worked to publicize the conditions of the jail and gain public support for its improvement. \quad\text{Rosenwald Company}&125,000\\ The basic message was that salvation was something anyone could achieve: ordinary people could choose salvation through personal experience and living a righteous life. Do not delete this text first. \text{Interest Expense} &&455,000\\ \text{Equipment Mortgage Indebtedness}& 332,000 &1,300,000\\ In addition to cotton, the great commodity of the antebellum South was human chattel. Finney also encouraged women to speak publicly in witness or testimony in these mixed-sex gatherings. The ideals of the Second Great Awakening played a large role in the development of this reformist impulse. \text{LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY}\\ Garrison was militant in his call for immediate and complete emancipation as a moral imperative. Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. Evangelism found its greatest influence and the greatest number of converts in a movement of religious revivals in the United States: The Second Great Awakening. Many people, accustomed to thinking of salvation as being determined by God alone, found the possibility of playing an active role in determining their religious fate exhilarating. The Society grew quickly and soon had spread across the country. - women at this time were fighting to show that they are just as good as men. Like the preachers of the revivals, the temperance movement reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. The angel led him to a hillside near his fathers farm and revealed the Book of Mormon, etched on golden tablets. Throughout the country, preachers like Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney created such excitement with their sermons that their audiences became excessive and downright wild. All true Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are as perfect as God. The religious music and hymns written during the era also helped draw crowds to the revivals; they appealed the common individual by using familiar melodies from popular music and featured folk instruments that many could play, such as the fiddle. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. A key moment came in 1840, when the Anti-Slavery Society split after a woman, Abigail Kelley, was nominated to serve on one of the Societys committees. Legal. There she found the inmates, some of them mentally ill (whom Dix refers to as lunatics), housed in filthy conditions in unheated cells. UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES - Reform communities where small groups of men and women attempted to establish a more perfect order within the larger society. \text{Additional Paid-In Capital}& 3,000,000 &2,400,000\\ There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. - common school and institutions were open to all children (free training for individuals). Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this society who often spoke at its meetings. Many Americans found this radical notion of racial equality and the call to end these restrictive laws intimidating or even frightening. The movement began in the 1830s and revealed the growing consensus among northern free blacks on the importance of moral reform. In the early nineteenth century, a succession of religious revivals collectively known as the Second Great Awakening remade the nation's religious landscape. This movement, called the Restoration Movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia. An important example of the abolitionist voice in the South came from sisters from Charleston, South Carolina who had migrated north and become Quakers because of their abolitionism. Such music remained after the revival and itinerant preacher were long gone. Elizabeth Cady Stanton raised the issue of woman's suffrage for the first time, the principal author, modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on the Declaration of Independence - the document added "women" to Jefferson's axiom "all men are created equal." Douglass was a skilled orator and a prolific writer. By the 1820s, the Methodist and Baptist churches were the largest evangelical denominations. Because it was generally inclusive of everyone, the message was spread to men and women, to rich and poor, and among slaves and free blacks alike. What is the difference between the waterfall approach and agile project management? \text{Income Taxes Payable}& 430,000 &300,000\\ Seneca Falls Convention, 1848. In 1833, Garrison was among the group that founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. Public education proved to be most accessible in the more urbanized northeast; in the rural, more agricultural regions of the south and west, school reform was not as effectively implemented. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. For the most part, the African American community did not see colonization or repatriation as a viable alternative to emancipation and abolition. In the early decades of the century, several groups emerged as colonizationists. These groups sought to remove blacks from the United States either through emigration or through the creation of colonies in Africa. Evangelical Christianity was certainly the most powerful religious movement in the antebellum United States, but it was not the only one. The new evangelical denominations of the Second Great Awakening did not require the same kinds of rigorous education as older sects did; rather, it was far more important for a spiritual leader to experience a personal conversion and feel a call to spread the message. American reformers believed that their country was destined to become a great democracy. In many ways, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the movement of the early 1800s. As a result, some African American congregants left the evangelical churches because of racial discrimination or because they were barred from leadership positions within the church and founded their own evangelical denominations, such as the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) church. For the most part, colonizationists accepted the idea of black inferiority. The Second Great Awakening began in the 1790s and, by the 1820s, had emerged as a major religious movement. The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. The response to these conditions was the 1826 creation of the American Temperance Society in Boston, Massachusetts. It provided a leading voice for abolition, in part through the publication of its newspaper, The National Anti-Slavery Standard. Young female teachers staffed many of the schools. In 1837, Angelina wrote to William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator. Although black and white abolitionists worked closely together in the movement and usually worked well together, African Americans experienced racial prejudice even within the abolitionist movement. Slaveholders must be convinced of the sinfulness of their ways, and the North of its complicity in the peculiar institution. Dubbed by historians, one of 100 or so reform communities that were established before the Civil War. The reformist impulse also stemmed from new social conditions. A Massachusetts schoolteacher was the leading advocate of more humane treatment of the insane, who at the time generally were placed in jails alongside debtors and hardened criminals. -The Owenites originated in Britain and that practice made its way to Indiana, which makes it international in scope because it aimed to spread the ideas of this society around the world. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the women's rights movement. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. \text{Income TaxesCurrent}&& 1,430,000\\ Twenty years later in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion. \end{array} \text{Diluted Earnings per Share (Assuming Conversion of}\\ He ended his appeal by writing, I will not equivocate- I will not excuse- I will not retreat a single inch- and I will be heard. Along with an immediate end to slavery, Garrison also espoused racial equality as an absolute necessity to ending the institution without massive bloodshed. \textbf{Intangibles (at Net Carrying Value)}\\ Antebellum Reform Imagination A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the American Studies Program The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Robert Kent Nelson 2006. Give Me Liberty Ch. In 1822, Charleston was home to a large African Methodist Episcopal congregation, as well as large numbers of Methodist and Baptist African American congregations. To the eyes of many reformers, the movements in abolition and womens rights had much in common; many who worked to end slavery also called for the emancipation of women. Indeed, the womens rights movement had largely grown out of the anti-slavery movement. Like many religious movements of the day, Mormons believed in the imminent Second Coming of Jesus. \text{Capitalized Lease Obligation}& 1,020,000& 1,100,000\\ \text{Income TaxesDeferred}&& 170,000\\ \text{Cash}& \$ 100,000 &\$ 200,000\\ Through these moral reform societies, churches hoped to change society by putting individuals on the path to righteousness. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakenings basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. Smith described Moroni as a son of the prophet Mormon and the last of the Nephites, descendants of Hebrews who had travelled to the Americas sometime around 500 BCE. Evaluate the extent to which social and intellectual reform movements during the antebellum era (1820-1860) represented an expansion of democratic ideals analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the era to the period after. Both were popularly-rooted movements that emphasized conversion and a spiritual rebirth through personal religious experiences. The increasing urbanization of the United States and the large numbers of immigrants, especially Germans, had transformed the nation in ways that were unfamiliar and that some found threatening. The difference were common school and institution was open to all children and were getting educated, a free training for individuals. The African Methodist Episcopal Church where Vesey preached was destroyed. REVENUESSalesGainonSaleofMachineryandEquipmentEquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporationRosenwaldCompanyHutchinsonCompanyTotalRevenuesEXPENSESCostofGoodsSoldEmployeePayrollExpenseDepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRightsBadDebtExpenseInterestExpenseGeneralCorporateExpensesIncomeTaxesCurrentIncomeTaxesDeferredTotalExpensesNetIncomeLess:DividendsonPreferredSharesDividendsonCommonSharesIncreaseinRetainedEarningsRetainedEarnings,December31,2012RetainedEarnings,December31,2013BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$1,800,000125,00075,000$13,920,000200,0002,000,000$16,120,000$5,000,0003,000,0001,000,000AmortizationofPatent120,000455,000420,0001,430,000170,000$11,720,000$4,400,000(120,000)(2,080,000)$2,200,0002,800,000$5,000,000$2.68$2.20125,000, Chicago Corporation Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio became the first co-educational institution when it admitted four women in 1837. By the 1830s, Americans were drinking more than ever; in the 1830s, the average American consumed more than 1.5 bottles of liquor a week. Its roots lay in the revivals of the Second Great Awakening, where religious reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. Abolitionism was perhaps the most radical of the reform movements of the era. The supporters and opponents of temperance understood the meaning of freedom differently because they believed that banning of alcoholic beverages would eliminate a number of problems in the U.S. Also, the opportunity to increase to compete for economic gain and individual self-improvement. KEY TERMS: 1. White abolitionists warned him that people would cease to believe that he had ever been enslaved if he sounded too educated and advised him to leave the complex analysis to the whites. The emerging American middle class participated in reform not only for religious reasons, but also to confirm their new social status. \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ Finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and became active in the abolitionist movement. The Grimk sisters were one example of the overlap in the reformist impulse between abolitionism and womens rights. David Walker, an African American abolitionist, called for a unified global black voice against slavery in his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. Three hundred delegates, both men and women, attended the meeting. Abolitionists differed in their ideas about how to effectively bring about the end of slavery. Why? The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) (1833-1870) was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. The utopian communities challenge existing ideas about property and marriage by prohibiting sexual relations between men and women altogether, others allowed them to change partners at will and the abolition of private property must be accompanied by an end to men's property in women. A company has net sales of $489,600\$ 489,600$489,600 and average accounts receivable of $40,800\$ 40,800$40,800. Her body, her possessions (Except personal items), her children. Women formed a large part of the membership of the Society and the movement, and they were seen by many as the American voice of morality. 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, January 28, 1919 Download image resource Description The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1919, banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. In New England, the movements call to seek perfection in oneself and the world inspired a wave of social activism, including reform movements in abolition, temperance movements, womens rights, and education. Soon after, the movement disintegrated. Faster, MaleFemale23021820249048\begin{array}{rr}\text { Male } & \text { Female } \\ 230 & 218 \\ 20 & 24 \\ 90 & 48\end{array} There are two main strands of literature on the antislavery origins of the sectional crisis. Kelly later wrote of her experiences in the abolitionist movement and how they shaped her views on womens rights: in striving to strike [the slaves] irons off, we found most surely that we were manacled ourselves.. Simplify!"; and the minister Theodore Parker's close association with the radical abolitionist John Brown. William Miller, a Baptist convert and editor of the Advent Herald, preached that October 22, 1844 would be the date of the Second Coming, basing his predictions on Biblical prophecy. 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