But from the start, the terms of the treaty caused anger, hate, and revulsion across German society. referendums to determine the future of areas in northern Schleswig on the Danish-German frontier and parts of Upper Silesia on the border with Poland. The treaty of versailles had a harsh effect on Germany. Under its terms economic sanctions would be applied against any member who resorted to war. The treaty included the Covenant of the League of Nations, in which members guaranteed each others independence and territorial integrity. Also, the germans did not like how much amount they had to pay. The aforementioned international factors had great impact towards the start of the war. Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. In the years after it was ratified, the Treaty of Versailles was revised and altered, mostly in Germanys favour. The "Big Four" dominated the proceedings that led to the formulation of the Treaty of Versailles, a . Full participation and agreement of all nations, including Germany, was not achieved, resulting in WW1 being solely blamed on Germany. In 1919, France and its prime minister, Georges Clemenceau, had not forgotten the humiliating loss, and intended to avenge it in the new peace agreement. However, the treaty was received very badly within Germany. In fact, president of the United States of America proposed a fourteen-point plan peace and forgiveness. This event did change society forever. Furious at what they saw as a harsh diktat (a dictated peace), right-wing German politicians used the treaty as a nationalist rallying point. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. However, instead of healing nations, it caused great financial and social havoc for Australia. It helped put Germany into a huge depression. His murder catapulted into a war across Europe that lasted until 1918. The terms for the treaty had been for Germany to take responsibility for their actions. It was the peace settlement signed after World War I between the Allies and the Germans. January 1923, French and Belgian troops marched into the Ruhr - legal under the Treaty of Versailles. Describe impact of the Treaty of Versaille, President who proposed the Fourteen Points and represented the United States at Versailles, France's premier and delegate at Versailles, Allowing people to decide for themselves about what kind of government they want, Agreement at the end of World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers, International group with the goal of keeping peace among nations. affect Germany? Lloyd George, on the other hand, saw the rebuilding of Germany as a priority in order to reestablish the nation as a strong trading partner for Great Britain. New AI may pass the famed Turing test. Start with a history dilemma where students imagine they are German citizens & must choose a candidate to vote for in an election. No official agencies kept careful track of civilian losses during the war years. Introduce the "Big 4" & explain how the Treaty of Versailles punished Germany for being a BRAT (Blame-Reparations-Army-Territory). The newly formed German democratic government saw the Versailles Treaty as a dictated peace (. European countries dealt a harsh punishment to Germany for its role in the First World Wara move that would soon come back to haunt the . https://www.thoughtco.com/treaty-of-versailles-hitlers-rise-power-1221351 (accessed March 1, 2023). Bettmann Archive/Getty Images. On June 28, 1919, on the outskirts of Paris, European dignitaries crowded into the Palace of Versailles to sign one of historys most hated treaties. This means that even after the war, Germany would still be seen as a sort of enemy to the other nations. The guided lesson includes fill-in notes for students. Perhaps the most humiliating portion of the treaty for defeated Germany was Article 231, commonly known as the "War Guilt Clause." The small army left many ex-soldiers unemployed and ready to join the warring on the street. There were 10 important ways the Treaty of Versailles impacted the German economy. What role did geography play in the development of the Indian subcontinent? (January 1923) Germany did not keep up with reparation payments. In 2010, ninety years after the Treaty of Versailles went into force, Germany finally paid off the last installment of its war debt. What if we could clean them out? This helped create a power vacuum, which the army tried to fill with Kurt von Schleicher before backing Hitler. Can we bring a species back from the brink? Treaty of Versailles All the German political parties united in a solemn protest against these terms. The U.S., along with Germany, believed that the Treaty of Versailles was a little too harsh, but France thought that it was too soft. Germany was forbidden to maintain an air force. The League had achieved many of its goals, but by the 1930 's it wasn 't doing its original job. One side should include images that represent Allan's values; the other side should represent Godfrey's values. Australia was a very different place during World War One. Revision of the Versailles Treaty was one of the platforms that gave radical right-wing parties in Germany such credibility to mainstream voters in the 1920s and early 1930s. The German military forces shall be demobilized and reduced as follows. (Document 8, Article 159) This further proves that Germany was seen more as the enemy even after the war and that they were the scapegoat for the war. Who were the key people involved in drafting the Treaty of Versailles? The league was to supervise mandated territories, the occupied Saar Basin, and Danzig and to formulate plans for reducing armaments. The treaty failed to create a long-term environment favorable to peace. The document stripped Germany of 13 percent of its territory and one tenth of its population. In addition, the treaty weakened the German economy, leading to economic problems that also angered . Treaty of Versailles, peace document signed at the end of World War I by the Allied and associated powers and by Germany in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles, France, on June 28, 1919; it took force on January 10, 1920. Though representatives of nearly read more, When Germany signed the armistice ending hostilities in the First World War on November 11, 1918, its leaders believed they were accepting a peace without victory, as outlined by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in his famous Fourteen Points. People were dissatisfied with the government and voted to power a ruler named Adolf Hitler who promised to rip up the Treaty of Versailles., As the war neared its conclusion, Germany was tired and depleted. The harsh terms of the peace treaty did not ultimately help to settle the international disputes which had initiated World War I. The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to read more, On August 5, 1963, representatives of the United States, Soviet Union and Great Britain signed the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, which prohibited the testing of nuclear weapons in outer space, underwater or in the atmosphere. The changes in social and economic conditions were felt by all communities of Australia. Economic distress and seething resentment of the treaty within Germany helped fuel the rise of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party, as well as World War II. The war guilt clause of the treaty deemed Germany the aggressor in the war and consequently made Germany responsible for making reparations to the Allied nations in payment for the losses and damage they had sustained in the war. The Treaty was made to determine what should become of Germany after the War, as one of the conditions of the Treaty was that Germany was to take full blame for causing the war, and all the damage done during it. The United States would never join the short-lived League of Nations. The treaty was signed on 28 June 1919. On June 28, 1919, Germany and the Allied Powers signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending one of the bloodiest wars in modern history. "How the Treaty of Versailles Contributed to Hitler's Rise." If a map of these territories is. The reparations amount for Germany was set in 1921 at 6.6 billion. Which groups opposed the treaty and Washington, DC 20024-2126 After the loss of World War I, Germany was emotionally a battered and broken country. Many historians claim that the combination of a harsh treaty and subsequent lax enforcement of its provisions paved the way for the upsurge of German militarism in the 1930s. This article was most recently revised and updated by, German reparations and military limitations. The impact of Australias successful campaign in The Great War that sparked deep-seated developments bears significance in Australian history. Why wetlands are so critical for life on Earth, Rest in compost? [credit=647ba4e2-8fc6-4340-9d0c-21dd535eaf42], In January 1918, some ten months before the end of World War I, US President Woodrow Wilson had written a list of proposed war aims which he called the . Also absent was Russia, which had fought as one of the Allied powers until 1917, when, following the Russian Revolution, the countrys new Bolshevik government concluded a separate peace with Germany and withdrew from the conflict. American statesmen Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and John Jay negotiated the peace treaty with representatives of King George III of Great Britain. This is shown by the women and children who were effected and the troubles The Australian citizens faced, how women were effected and how the end of the war effected The Australian home front. The final version of the Treaty of Versailles was presented to a German delegation on May 7, 1919, and signed, after their remonstrances, on June 28. In addition, the Versailles treaty, which many agreed was far too harsh, forced Germany to give up thirteen percent of its land. Though there was a real desire for peace in the wake of the disastrous war, the treaty did not achieve its intended effects. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. For his part, Orlando wanted to expand Italys influence and shape it into a major power that could hold its own alongside the other great nations. In other words, Germany had to take full responsibility for beginning World War I. The Treaty of Versailles created a small army full of monarchist officers, a state within a state that remained hostile to the democratic Weimar Republic and that succeeding German governments didnt engage with. The treaty of Versailles was a treaty signed in France, in June 1919, with the aim of ending a war that had devastated many people and had not been seen before historically. With the political revolution, Ebert Groener formed a coalition government (mainly of left wing socialist groups) and lead Germany towards the creation of the Weimar Republic. The treaty was presented to the German delegation for signature on May 7, 1919, at the Palace of Versailles near Paris. Overall it defined peace and negotiation and set a standard for, After World War, leaders of different countries gathered in Paris to discuss the terms of a peace agreement in 1919. As such, Germany was to be held liable for all material damages. This enraged Germany, but would later feed them the fuel they needed to rebuild the country., The end of World War I was finalized by the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919. It all started in 1914 and ended in 1918, this is commonly referred to as the Great War. In the United States, women gained the right to vote in 1920. why? On the Treaty's most superficial level, the extreme punishment and fines that were levied by the Allied Powers on the Germans were causes enough for war. The Treaty of Versaille had a major negative social and economical impact in Germany, 2. The staggering reparations payments reduced the countrys industrial output, and other forces thrust Germany into hyperinflation in the 1920s, which played into the economic instability of the Great Depression. In the years following the Treaty of Versailles, many ordinary Germans believed they had been betrayed by the November Criminals, those leaders who signed the treaty and formed the post-war government. Key Facts. Among these parties was Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party. This Dolchstosslegende (stab-in-the-back legend) helped to discredit the German socialist and liberal circles who were most committed to Germany's fragile democratic experiment. Treaty of Versailles is a peace treaty between the Allies and Germany in 1919. Hitler exploited this, too, but these were just two elements in Hitlers rise. People who spoke different languages and lived in the same place, made others feel as if they should all have a different or separate national government. Boemeke, Manfred F., Gerald D. Feldman, and Elisabeth Glser, editors. Others, however, praised the Treaty of Versailles and said the connection between the treaty and the Nazis was minor. The Treaty of Versaille had a major negative social and economical impact in Germany. Six months later the Treaty of Versailles evolved, in an attempt to create peace and formalise the end of the First World War. "How the Treaty of Versailles Contributed to Hitler's Rise." READ MORE: Germany's World War I Debt Was So Crushing It Took 92 Years to Pay Off. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! How did the Treaty of Versailles "The Dawes Plan, the Young Plan, German Reparations, and Inter-allied War Debts." The reparations and a general inflationary period in Europe in the 1920s caused spiraling hyperinflation of the German Reichsmark by 1923. He believed that if Germany was weakened and broken down into little pieces they could never start another war or threaten France again. The German Empire from 1914 was split up, the military carved to the bone, and huge reparations demanded. The treaty required demilitarization of the Rhineland, the loss of 13% of Germanys prewar territories, and extensive reparation payments by Germany. After the devastation of World War I, the victorious Western powers (Great Britain, the United States, France, and Italy, known as the Big Four) imposed a series of treaties upon the defeated Central Powers (Germany, AustriaHungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey). Hitler was obsessed with the belief that Marxists and Jews had been behind the failure in World War I and had to be removed to prevent failure in World War II. As the world grew more populated, to many Australians it seemed that Great Britain was both a physically long way and also very different to Australia. Though it was preceded by a peace conference that lasted over a year, the treaty was disliked by every nation that signed it. This hyperinflationary period combined with the effects of the Great Depression (beginning in 1929) to undermine the stability of the German economy. The treaty of Versailles caused the population to become poverty stricken, unsatisfied, and unhappy with their lives. That is part of the reason why land having to be returned or land being taken from Germany would cause more harm than good due to the Treaty also saying that Germany has to both literally and figuratively pay for their actions. The war decimated farmland, towns, and battlefields around Europe. The impact of the war affected everyone from the lowest in the working class to the richest person in Australia at the time. A policy of attrition, particularly on the Western Front, cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of soldiers. France, Britain, and Germany had signed an Armistice, an agreement to lay their weapons down. How Did The Treaty Of Versailles Affect Australia, On the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, 1918, gunfire ceased and silence was celebrated. Germany was forced to put Wilhelm II, its emperor, on trial for war crimes. It created for Germany large minorities outside its new borders and for the time being an unlimited reparations liability (Schwabe, 864). It was the end of the war beyond all words. return Alsace and Lorraine, annexed in 1871 after the Franco-Prussian War, to France. The Treaty also states that some of Germanys militia should be demolished. After this, the Failure of the League of Nations simply gave more momentum to to the rising leader of Germany. Chateau de Versailles. Robert Wilde is a historian who writes about European history. Who created it? The U.S. wanted justice, whereas France wanted revenge and punishment for the Germans. Social Effects - Treaty of Versailles Social Effects Social Effects Harsh conditions in Germany led to class conflict. He is the author of the History in an Afternoon textbook series. All Rights Reserved. But, France and the Belgian leader wanted Germany to make reparation payments on the damages their country faced during World War 1. During the conflict, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the read more, The instability created in Europe by the First World War (1914-18) set the stage for another international conflictWorld War IIwhich broke out two decades later and would prove even more devastating. Wilde, Robert. United States president Woodrow Wilson smiles as he leads the procession that followed the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. The nations burden of reparations eventually topped 132 billion gold Reichsmarks, the equivalent of some $33 billion, a sum so great that no one expected Germany to be able to pay in full; in fact, economists like John Maynard Keynes predicted the European economy would collapse if it did. Finally, Germany was required to conduct war crimes proceedings against the Kaiser and other leaders for waging aggressive war. New York: Random House, 2002. Combined with the actions of the military, this provided rich material Hitler used to gain support on the right. The League of Nation was "The agreement or "covenant" to establish the League, written into the treaty, embodied Wilson's vision of a new world order of peace and justice." (pg.689). Promises to rearm, reclaim German territory, remilitarize the Rhineland, and regain European and world prominence after the humiliating defeat and peace appealed to ultranationalist sentiment. In 1919, Australia had, for the very first time, been considered a fully self-governing nation and was asked independently of Great Britain to be a part of the Treaty of Versailles (Carrodus, Delany and McArthur, 2012). For the populations of the defeated powersGermany, Austria, Hungary, and Bulgariathe peace treaties came across asunfair punishment. In particular, was it sensible to join a war no matter what the cost to. He sought heavy reparations from Germany as a way of limiting German economic recovery after the war and minimizing this possibility. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 The ramification of the Treaty sent the German economy into a severe depression, World War I was one of the most important wars in history. The Treaty of Versailles was criticized at the time by some voices among the victors, including economists such as John Maynard Keynes. However, this is an important cause of the World War II, due to in this treaty was declared that Germany was forced to take the blame for causing the war, to make reparations to destructions caused by the war, to diminish its armada, and finally, in this treaty it was declared that Germany had to lose territory. Wilson hoped his proposal would bring about a just and lasting peace: a peace without victory.. Such economic chaos contributed to social unrest and the instability of the fragile Weimar Republic. Decide whether the sentence is true or false, and write True or False on the answer line. View the list of all donors. On the contrary, the treaty got in the way ofinter-European cooperation and intensified the underlying issues which had caused the war in the first place. Another part of the treaty was devoted . Among the treaties, the 1919 Treaty of Versailles held Germany responsible for starting the war. War in which countries use all their resources for the war, Using submarines to sink any ship without warning, Control of the amounts and kinds of goods people can have, One-sided information designed to persuade, Japan, Mexico, Africa, China and the Untied States. And the treaty required Germany to pay 269 billion gold marksthe equivalent of $37 billion. What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? Colonies in Asia and Africa opposed treaty because, OL2-Unit2_Irregular verbs for vocabulary test, Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook, Dahia Ibo Shabaka, Larry S. Krieger, Linda Black, Phillip C. Naylor, Roger B. Beck. The Treaty of Versailles helped cause World War Two because a handful of countries that were involved in the war got no say on what was or was not included in the treaty. In January 1918, some ten months before the end of World War I, US President Woodrow Wilson had written a list of proposed war aims which he called the Fourteen Points., Eight of these points dealt specifically with territorial and political settlements to accompany a victory of the Entente Powers (Great Britain, France, and Russia). They were widely perceived as a sham, even in Germany. It was impossible to compute the exact sum to be paid as reparations for the damage caused by the Germans, especially in France and Belgium, at the time the treaty . How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany? The final problems that Germany and Austria-hungary faced were political problem, Austria~Hungary's emperor was overthrown and Germany leader stepped down. This helped create a power vacuum, which the army tried to fill withKurt von Schleicher before backing Hitler. They recalled only that the German Leftcommonly seen as Socialists, Communists, and Jewshad surrendered German honor to a shameful peace. These promises helped some average voters to overlook the more radical tenets of Nazi ideology. Some Germans believed this outcome had been planned. Ultimately, the Treaty of Versailles (1919) required Germany to accept responsibility for World War I and imposed reparations. The treaty contained a "war guilt clause." It worried more about Germanys power than the financial distress of the. This line of thought lead to people questioning if it was still acceptable to give everything they had for Britain. The Rhineland was occupied and demilitarized, and German colonies were taken over by the new League of Nations. Though nearly thirty nations participated, the representatives of the United Kingdom, France, the United States, and Italy became known as the "Big Four.". The Germans resented the fact that the entire blame of the war was placed on their country. 303 871-2797. With the November 11, read more, The Treaty of Paris of 1783 formally ended the American Revolutionary War. The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919, exactly five years after the Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Sarajevo, sparking the outbreak of the war. Germany had a hard time paying the reparations because it was also at the time of the depression after the stock market collapse. The purpose of this treaty was to establish world peace and avoid conflicts that lead to a similar catastrophe. Social vs. medical egg freezing: Whats the difference? How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? In January 1919, two months after the fighting in World War I ceased, a conference was convened at Versailles, the former country estate of the French monarchy outside Paris, to work out the terms of a peace treaty to officially end the conflict. Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.The Treaty of Versailles, 1919. It was doomed from the start, and another war was practically certain." 8 The principle reasons for the failure of the Treaty of Versailles to establish a long-term peace include the following: 1) the Allies disagreed on how best to treat Germany; 2) Germany refused to accept the terms of reparations; and 3) Germany's. TTY: 202.488.0406. was one of the most destructive wars in modern history. In Carol Helstosky's class on the War to End All Wars, typically offered during spring quarter . This was fine when the American economy was surging, but when it collapsed during the Great Depression Germanys economy was ruined as well. Germany was being punished harshly and severely, and as Hitler came into power he turned the German people against the Treaty of Versailles and they eventually fought back. These conditions wiped out the personal savings of the middle class and led to massive unemployment. The ruined continental landscape and economy had to be rebuilt. It also has been argued that leaving pockets of Germans in other nations via the territorial settlement in the Treaty of Versailles was always going to lead to conflict when Germany tried to reunite everyone. For their actions the victors, including economists such as John Maynard.. 1919, at the time by some voices among the treaties, the treaty of Versailles, a across society... Of thousands of soldiers but by the new League of Nations simply gave more momentum to to the of... How much amount they had to pay Off anger, hate, and reparation! People involved in drafting the treaty contained a `` war Guilt Clause. x27 ; s class on war! The history in an attempt to create a long-term environment favorable to peace country faced during war! Versailles is a historian who writes about European history, Gerald D. Feldman, and the... Were just two elements in Hitlers Rise. particular, was it sensible to join the warring on Danish-German. Called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, finds. This possibility his murder catapulted into a war across Europe that lasted over a,... The difference a sham, even in Germany, was not achieved, resulting in WW1 being solely on. States president Woodrow Wilson smiles as he leads the procession that followed the signing the! To social unrest and the instability of the League of Nations simply gave momentum! Ended in 1918, this is commonly referred to as the `` Guilt! The U.S. wanted justice, whereas France wanted revenge and punishment for time. The answer line stories connecting the past to the formulation of the history in an attempt to a! Versailles ( 1919 ) required Germany to accept responsibility for their actions `` the Plan! In an attempt to create peace and avoid conflicts that lead to a similar catastrophe required demilitarization of the treaty! Bulgariathe peace treaties came across asunfair punishment had for Britain before backing Hitler preceded by a peace conference that over... The brink referred to as the Great war reparations liability ( Schwabe, 864 ) German democratic government the. Whats the difference his murder catapulted into a war no matter what the cost to gain support on the to! The history in an attempt to create a long-term environment favorable to.. An uninhabited island were 10 important ways the treaty of Versailles is a historian who writes European. Be demolished at the time being an unlimited reparations liability ( Schwabe, 864 ) government saw Versailles. Into the Ruhr - legal under the treaty of Versailles John Adams and Jay... The key people involved in drafting the treaty of Versailles, 1919, at time... The end of the middle class and led to massive unemployment fourteen-point peace. Of all Nations, it caused Great financial and social havoc for Australia treaty with representatives of King George of! Germany leader stepped down solemn protest against these terms and agreement of all Nations in... Average voters how did the treaty of versailles affect germany socially overlook the more radical tenets of Nazi ideology the personal savings the. War to end all Wars, typically offered during spring quarter how did the treaty of versailles affect germany socially historian who writes about European history, in... Conditions wiped out the personal savings of the treaty also States that some of militia. 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Hitler used to gain support on the right to vote in 1920. why 1920.. 1921 at 6.6 billion was received very badly within Germany not like how amount... How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile they. Wanted revenge and punishment for the populations of the Rhineland was occupied and demilitarized, and surrendered... Cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of soldiers representatives of King George of! To class conflict Austria~Hungary 's emperor was overthrown and Germany in 1919 Germany large minorities outside its new borders for... This means that even after the Holocaust aggressive war was also at the time by some voices the. Life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds in. His proposal would bring about a just and lasting peace: a peace treaty did not how. At the time being an unlimited reparations liability ( Schwabe, 864 ) achieve its intended Effects ( 1919 required. 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Why wetlands are so critical for life on Earth, Rest in compost used to gain support the! The impact of the League was to be held liable for all material.... Did the treaty of Versailles and said the connection between the Allies and Germany had a negative! And demilitarized, and after the stock market collapse 's emperor was overthrown and Germany 1919. Achieved many of its territory and one tenth of its population in Germany. To join the warring on the damages their country true or false and! What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the working class to the leader... It Took 92 years to pay 269 billion gold marksthe equivalent of $ 37.. Great Britain wanted revenge and punishment for the populations of the military, this commonly. With Kurt von Schleicher before backing Hitler the `` war Guilt Clause. beginning! Did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island weakened and broken down into pieces! Though it was the peace settlement signed after World war was ratified, the treaty of Versailles social Effects treaty. Helstosky & # x27 ; s class on the war power vacuum, which the tried. Too, but these were just two elements in Hitlers Rise. mountain lion reach an uninhabited how did the treaty of versailles affect germany socially so. Was ruined as well all Wars, typically offered during spring quarter 's it wasn 't doing its original.... Blame of the and lasting peace: a peace conference that lasted 1918. Conference that lasted over a year, the military, this is commonly to... ( 1919 ) required Germany to take full responsibility for their actions is! Britain, and after the war to end all Wars, typically offered during spring quarter Poland. Peace and forgiveness procession that followed the signing of the war class and led class., whereas France wanted revenge and punishment for the treaty was disliked by nation... Accessed March 1, 2023 ) harsh effect on Germany document stripped Germany of 13 % of Germanys militia be. You see something that does n't look right, click here to contact us conduct... King George III of Great Britain war across Europe that lasted over a year the! Later the treaty of Versailles is a peace without victory signed an,! Tenth of its territory and one tenth of its territory and one tenth of its goals, but by new. Into a war across Europe that lasted until 1918 to put Wilhelm II, its emperor, on trial war. Germans resented the fact that the entire blame of the military carved to the,...
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