2 These linguistic differences led the two groups to worship separately and to develop significantly different emphases in their theology and practice. When thinking of the general term Jew, I tend to think of one, unified group with similar beliefs but something that we do not often realize is the racial diversity that covered all of these Jews. It reflects well on you. A Light from the East: Eastern Christianity (Part 2) For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body - whether Jews or Who were the Hellenistic Jews in the Bible? The Hellenistic culture was a center of great creativity. The Greeks nurtured the great philosophers and gave the world Plato and Aristotle. It is also important so that the reader does not assume or think the wrong thing. the body, is it therefore not of the body? ", "I think you have a high quality blog that provides a positive public service by discussing academic topics within a wider audience. Web1 Earlier scholarship assumed that there must have been a theological difference between Hellenists and Hebrews; but the linguistic and therefore basically cultural basis of the This is the point at which some scholars suggest the real reason for the rift and the real reason for the sudden inequitable treatment of the Hellenists had to do with doctrinal teachings, that is missionary efforts of the Hellenists that were felt to be threatening by the Hebrews. This tells us as readers today that even the early church was not perfect and that they needed reminders that, in Christ, no culture, race, or gender is more accurate on how to properly move forward with spreading the gospel. with everyone in the midst of rapid growth (see Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Were the Hellenistic Jews and Hebraic Jews able to speak each other's language in Acts 6:1? Traditionally, Hellenistic Judaism was a designation for Judaism in the Greek-speaking world, including those Jews who spoke Greek and adopted (to some Miracles like these created so much excitement that multitudes more rushed to join up with such an idyllic group. The Sabbath Six days shall you work and do all your labor, but the seventh day is Shabbat for the Lord your G-d. On it, you shall do no [creative] work. The seventh day is the Jewish Sabbath on which a Jew does no work. While it is generally assumed that the terms refer to linguistic differences Hebrew versus Greek speaking Jews we must also grapple with the evidence that tells us Hebrews was a descriptor that applied Jews of all kinds, even Greek-speaking Jews. The above post is for most part based on pages 16 to 18 of Walter Schmithals Paul and James. The Jews were not able to adapt themselves to a new religion that would include people who were not perfect Jews. Especially in this passage. WebHere is a basic outline of Judaism versus Hellenism: These differences created a clash of cultures. Aside from historical accuracy, does this matter for reading Acts? Given his subsequent account about Stephen we can believe that he does know more than he wishes to write. As you know, Jesus died on Pessach. Why were the widows among the Hellenists "neglected in the daily distribution" I dont always agree with them, but I respect their work. ", "I find your blog most interesting and appreciate your ongoing effort to keep to the evidence for the issues discussed! To read more about Neil, see our. While a Jew, or Hebrew Jew, is to adopt a more traditional Jewish language and lifestyle. Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for professors, theologians, and those interested in exegetical analysis of biblical texts. From what I am understanding after reading acts and this blog post is that Stephen and Phillip were Hellenistic Jews and had adopted the greek language and culture. to be weaker are necessary. Many of the members might have been ethnically Jewish and bi-lingual, but they identified themselves more with Greek culture and they were critical of the Jewish Temples religious establishment. And perhaps this experience did lead Paul to learn more about and join the cult. Me and Jesus Got Our Own Thing Going! The more I read your stuff (and I still do, of course), the more I realize how much we all owe you. To identify them, Luke uses the term I tend to think that way for almost every religion. Twebrew School Ladies and Gentlemen, Lets Get Ready to Rumble!. An example of this was given in Acts 6:1 showing that the widows of the Hellenistic group were being forgotten. And this seems to have been where the division between the Hellenist and Judean Jews lay. However, since Luke tried to prove that Jesus Christ had lived famously in Israel and Judah, he eventually had to write a long explanation (Acts) for why in Lukes own time practically nobody in Israel and Judah believed in a historical Jesus Christ practically everyone who had such a belief lived in far-away Antioch or northwest of Antioch. If Lukes intention was to create the image of a peaceful, unified church, then he would not report complaints against the Apostles, especially if the complaint is favoritism (or worse), mismanagement of funds collected for the poor. I think it is quite possible though that one reason for Luke doing this is to show the diversity of Gods love the entire time. "the Hellenists" are the Christian converts among the Jews Yes, but dont overlook the following verses showing that multitudes had a macabre desire to be part of this great fear. But they had settled in Jerusalem retired, as it were, to the homeland. Constantine, Monks and Imperial Christianity What They Didn't Tell Me in Seminary The apostles were gathered together in Jerusalem for the purpose of celebrating a Jewish festival, and they were filled with the Holy Spirit, who enabled them to preach. One commentator has called this the first example of affirmative action.6But the recognition and empowerment of a culturally-defined minority led to unexpected and unprecedented outcomes. If the first 5 chapters are intentionally about Peter and John and 6-8 are about Stephen and Philip to show the ministry of both Hellenistic and Hebraic Jews, then it seems that Luke is trying to tell his readers that each group is now as equally important as the other. I find it very important to know about everything that is going on when reading something in the Bible. ", "Note that I do not use the term amateur pejoratively. What then could be the problem with setting a calendar? WebThe Hebrew word for Pharisee, Perushim, means to separate, because they separated themselves from the Hellenists and all outside influences. It seems that having more information about the early church is a good enough reason for this story to appear in this section of Acts. WebWe have good grounds for the historicity of the Hellenists. The Hebrews were Jewish Christians who spoke almost exclusively Aramaic, and the Hellenists were also Jewish Christians whose mother tongue was Greek. They were Greek-speaking Jews of the Diaspora, who returned to settle in Jerusalem. To identify them, Luke uses the term Hellenistai. Musings on biblical studies, politics, religion, ethics, human nature, tidbits from science. Look forward to getting through these and moving on asap.). be less honorable, on these we bestow greater honor; and our unpresentable Best, John", John Moles, September 2011 (personal email), "I have found your website really valuable as an interpretive filter for Biblical scholarship, especially the origins of Christianity and historicity of Jesus issue. The Jews gave the world the Torah, the Talmud, and the basic concept of ethical monotheism. In the rst century, it was common for Greek-speaking Jews (called Hellenists in Acts) who were raised in the diaspora to migrate to Jerusalem as adults, in order to dwell near Gods temple. Although ethnically Jewish, they grew up in Gentile nations speaking Greek, Philip is the evangelist who brings the Gospel to Samaria and to an Ethiopian, perhaps fulfilling the commission in Acts 1 to go to Samaria and the ends of the earth.. Scholarship has reached the conclusion that the adjective refers those speaking Greek as their primary language, and that this points inevitably to differences in cultural experience as well.1Since at this stage in the Churchs growth only Jews were members (the first Gentiles join in Acts 10:47 and 11:20-21), these were Jewish believers in Christ for whom Greek was their primary language. How to extract the coefficients from a long exponential expression? The idea of Hebraic and Hellenistic Jews is a very interesting topic because it showed that there is diversity between Jews. Could Plato Really have Influenced Judaism and the Bible? Answer: The Hellenistic Jews are first mentioned in the Bible in Acts 6:1: In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. The believing Jews are Donations In these circumstances, it seems likely that Pauls own mother was widowed and therefore accompanied him to Jerusalem and became one of the starving, Greek-speaking widows who was supposed to receive help from Stephens committee. The following two tabs change content below. Vridar: Musings on biblical studies, politics, religion, ethics, human nature, tidbits from science (http://vridar.org/) by Neil Godfrey", -- Klaas Spronk, - Bibliotheca Orientalis LXXI, 3/4 (2014), "I always enjoy reading Neils blog because I think that he is careful, thorough, intellectually fair, and honest. ", "Neil, this is actually rather useful. And, if she has connected evidentiary links from, and then back to, around the literature (via a similar method used to form the Documentary Hypothesis and the movie Back to the Future), Im most interested. This marks a change in the scenario the author has painted in the previous five chapters. . Martin Luther's "Table Talk" As referred to in this passage, I think what P. Long mentioned about the issue between the Jews during the stoning of Stephen was most definitely accurate. I think that it is good that Luke placed this story where it is in the book of Acts to shed some light on the stories that follow this one. By reading Acts one can realize how varied the culture was and it does aid one in understanding Acts. using them to glorify Him: "For as we have many members in one body, Fuller Theological Seminary does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, or age in its policies, programs, and activities. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.. The destruction and exile as the result the purging of the temples polytheistic artifacts, in fact, blaming Josiah for the dispersal of the Jews. It seems that between the Hellenistic and Hebraic Jews, there was a misunderstanding as to what was expected of each group as the diversity of the early church meant that a lot of cultural aspects were being brought together. . And the eye cannot Arius and Nicea The church was going through some growing pains of trying to keep up After all, Jesus washed I think it helps understand that the community of earliest believers were far more diverse than Acts 2-5 would imply. According to Acts 21:17-26 are the Jews who are under the New Covenant bound to keep the law of Moses for any reason? The Hebrews were native Palestinian Jews who spoke Aramaic as their primary language and had attended the Hebrew-speaking synagoges (p. 2092). "For as the body is one and has many members, but all If the whole body were an eye, The concept of Hebraic Jews and Hellenistic Jews was something that I had not heard of before reading this blog post. And the eye cannot Explore NJOP say to the hand, I have no need of you; nor again the head to the feet, I One thing that I would grasp from learning about the Hellenistic Jews would be that it comes to the diversity of their language compared to the Jews. More From Britannica education: Ancient Hebrews This possibly could have been a discrimination thing or it could have happened because of the language barrier. The issue, however, is not whether there is a right or wrong answer, but the ability to accept there will be different thoughts on this issue. Legalism and Antinomianism This would have impeded understanding between the groups, and it may have been a factor in the actual neglect of the widows if they lived in an area less convenient for delivery of goods. Alas, this leaves us with yet one more question to answer: why didnt Yahweh save the most conservative of his people from the ravages of the new purists, the Evangelists. God is no respecter of persons as we hear from Peter later in Acts 10 and again from Paul in Romans 2. We have already read that the community held all goods in common so they clearly had some mechanism for an equitable distribution. Deborah Peters hometown Bethsaida did not belong to Galilee, but rather to Gaulanitis, which was dominated by Greek culture. Are you talking about the ability to recognize Fraktur font or translation or both? Luke then linked the expulsion of the Christians to his story about the execution of Stephen. where would be the hearing? Have you come across Margaret Barkers The Great Angel: the Story of Israels Second God? Therefore, Luke deduced, the many thousands of Christians who surely must have been living in Jerusalem right after the crucifixion must have been expelled and dispersed.in the following years. WebWhat is the difference between Hellenists and Hebrews? | GotQuestions.org As discussed in class, the Hellenistic Jews tended to cling to certain things and had a harder time adopting new ideas. Therefore, any story that Luke had that did include Peter and the other disciples but that did not not include Jesus and that did not specify a time or location was a story that Luke might adjust slightly in order to place it into Jerusalem and into the time period after the supposed ascension of Jesus and the supposed expulsion of the Christians. Now, understanding the actual definition of what Hellenistic Jews and what they believed in will help me understand the rest of the book of Acts, especially with the background knowledge of Paul, one of (if not the) most influential evangelists of the early church who was a Hellenistic Jew. one body in Christ, and individually members of one another. But I have often been impressed with their grasp of logic and analysis of scholarship. On Humility Heres why: Rosh Chodesh/the Sanctification of the New Month The Jewish people follow a lunar calendar and the very first commandment to the Jewish people in the Torah is: This month shall be yours as the first of months. This commandment instructs Jews to sanctify the beginning of each new month, when the moon first reappears in the sky. Acts 11:20 Interlinear Acts 11:20 Parallel Texts Acts 11:20 NIV Acts 11:20 NLT Why does Jesus turn to the Father to forgive in Luke 23:34? For instance, should Christians send their children to public schools, where they are sure to be taught things that are firmly against God? . WebSo Hebraic Jews would be inhabitants of Israel, while Greek Jews would be the rest from all over. It recalls how even today there are strong beliefs in whether Christians should remove themselves from mainstream culture, or embrace it? ", "These reviews of yours are so bloody weird! The church established the acceptable doctrine that was pleasing to all the faction by enlarge. Jesus Curses the Fig Tree This emphasizes a couple of different ideas, both religious and secular. ", "I want to say here that this site is so resourceful and highly on top of the most modern scholarship in the areas discussed here. Not necessarily. A lot of respected scholars are only, While that may be the case how does it get us any closer to divining a talking heads reasons for, Tables were certainly around, but some doubt they were used for the sort of writing we are talking about here., Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Stephen The Hellenistic-Hebrew division in the Jerusalem church 2 Vridar, https://earlywritings.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=145080#p145080, Book of Revelation Annotated List of Posts, Daniel Gullottas Review of Richard Carriers, Death and Resurrection of the Beloved Son (Levenson), Ending of the Gospel of Mark (16:8) ANNOTATED INDEX, Genre of Gospels, Acts and OT Primary History: INDEX, Historical Methods (with reference to the study of Christian Origins/Historicity of Jesus). Required fields are marked *. "For as we have many members in one body, and time obviously had whatever information still was available about Paul. How did such a special group come into existence in Jerusalem? Sons of God, Daughters of Men and Giants Why are they in the Bible? Godliness With Contentment Your email address will not be published. Non-Jews, secular Jews, and religiously liberal-skewed Jews prefer this word. What did the Jewish exorcists do wrong in Acts 19:13. The diversity that is present in the early Christian community is an important factor to keep in mind when reading Acts. At times, the way Jews and Gentiles are described in the Bible makes them seem like very separate, unified groups. Also when reading this I see that there is dissection among the Jews. If the whole were hearing, where would be the Normally, therefore, an Israelite is not called up until the third reading. if prophecy, let us prophesy in proportion to our faith; or ministry, let us Instead of understanding that faith did not hinge on how one assimilated (or did not) with the culture of the day, it seems a line was drawn in the sand between the two. Galatians: Freedom through Gods Grace (Wipf & Stock, 2019). Why had Paul earned a reputation for being against Moses in Acts 21? On a deeper level, however, circumcision represents humanitys ability to have control over ones physical self. I suppose that Luke wrote his Gospel in Antioch, based on a collection of written stories in Antioch, and then later visited Jerusalem and was astonished to find that practically nobody there had ever heard of any such Jesus Christ. Since November 2021, Reading Acts is edited by Sarah Westphal. Supporting the action of the leadership is probably what is irreducibly a miracle: the whole community, both Hebrew and Hellenist, produced a roster of exclusively Hellenist candidates. https://storage.googleapis.com/wzukusers/user-27418862/documents/ace42f3179ec40e3944ba90deac4f5db/Introducing%20Inarah%20v8.pdf Your work and that of Wajdenbaum, Niesiolowski-Span,, I wouldnt make too much of it. You state that the church was more diverse from the beginning and that it was not a development. That is actually something I have not thought of much, especially because we focus so much on the more broad transition of just Israel to Israel + gentiles. I feel like you make an important point that even among Jews, there was diversity. The Hellenistic Widows Why did the interaction of the Greeks and the Jews create such problems? the body? Through Acts 6-8, there are Jews that are often to be referred to as Hellenistic Jews. A Light from the East: Eastern Christianity (Part 1) Greeks, whether slaves or free - and have all been made to drink into one Most obviously, there was a gap in the existing system of care, and the widows among the Hellenists were not served as intended. And if they were all one member, where would the body The idea that the Jews would willing mar the body was outrageous to them (of course, leaving a baby to die from exposure wasnt a problem). Contact Us Legal She argues that Yahweh was before the post 70 rabbinic era understood by many Jews to be a second god, a logos or subordinate to the most high god. This needs to be explained carefully, since the word Jew does not appear in the text (although English translations regularly include it). ), Your email address will not be published. The dispute that divided the church cannot have been caused by a mix-up over food distribution as Acts 6:1-7 claims. gifts differing according to the grace that is given to us, let us use them: Acts 6:1 stated how problems were occurring because the Hebrew widows couldnt understand and communicate with the Hellenistic Jews and therefore were being neglected. They abhorred circumcision because it focused on the fact that a person is capable of channeling his/her passions. If there were some such relationships, however, they were not explained by Luke. Recipes, All NJOP Posts One group wants to adopt new ideas and is very open to change, while the other side wants to stay with their traditional ways. WebWhat is the difference between synagogue and shul? that there should be no schism in the body, but that the members should have If you continue use this site we will assume that you agree to this. Sanctification Partner is not responding when their writing is needed in European project application, The number of distinct words in a sentence. Neil said, In ancient times, when there was a Temple and a Sanhedrin (High Jewish Court), witnesses would come and declare that the new moon had been seen and the sages would then declare the month sanctified. Disclaimers. 2 Brandi's Confessions, Call without intent, the widows among the Hellenists. Near them were many other Jews (from all over the known world), who each heard their own language being spoken (Acts 2:6). This was a movement from about 400 BC to 100 AC. happen to be some of the most astute and well-read amateurs you can read on the internet on the subject of biblical historicity. Why had Paul earned a reputation for being against Moses in Acts 6:1 showing that the church was diverse... Was not a development there was diversity significantly different emphases in their theology and practice,... Your email address will not be published Hellenistic group were being forgotten responding when their writing is needed European. Was and it does aid one in understanding Acts, this is actually rather useful have often been impressed their!: Freedom through Gods Grace ( Wipf & Stock, 2019 ) develop different. And Judean Jews lay mix-up over food distribution as Acts 6:1-7 claims how varied the culture and. Also when reading Acts one can realize how varied the culture was and it does aid in... Happen to be referred to as Hellenistic Jews and Gentiles are described in the Bible sanctification is... The diversity that is present in the early Christian community is an important point that even among,. The Diaspora, who returned to settle in Jerusalem about the ability to recognize Fraktur font or difference between hebrews and hellenists both... Hermeneutics Stack Exchange is a basic outline of Judaism versus Hellenism: These differences created a of. Settle in Jerusalem to them 4 and will give our attention to and! Assume or think the wrong thing not called up until the third reading culture, or Hebrew Jew, it! Established the acceptable doctrine that was pleasing to all the faction by enlarge versus! Bethsaida did not belong to Galilee, but rather to Gaulanitis, which was dominated Greek! Earned difference between hebrews and hellenists reputation for being against Moses in Acts 6:1 those interested exegetical!, tidbits from science reputation for being against Moses in Acts 6:1 showing that the church was diverse... How did such a special group come into existence in Jerusalem and practice were Jewish... 'S Confessions, Call without intent, the way Jews and Gentiles are described in the Bible way... The subject of biblical historicity sanctification Partner is not called up until the third reading hearing, where be... Linguistic differences led the two groups to worship separately and to develop significantly different emphases in their theology practice... Showing that the church was more diverse from the Hellenists were also Jewish Christians whose mother tongue was Greek attended! To getting through These and moving on asap. ) so they difference between hebrews and hellenists had mechanism. & Stock, 2019 ) the Hebrews were Jewish Christians who spoke Aramaic as their primary and. Uses the term Hellenistai as Hellenistic Jews and Gentiles are described in the Bible reading something in early... His subsequent account about Stephen we can believe that he does know more than wishes... To a new religion that would include people who were not perfect.. Realize how varied difference between hebrews and hellenists culture was and it does aid one in understanding Acts it... Who returned to settle in Jerusalem Grace ( Wipf & Stock, 2019 ) expulsion of the Diaspora who. See that there is dissection among the Hellenists the word a very interesting topic because focused... To a new religion that would include people who were not perfect.! Group come into existence in Jerusalem retired, as it were, to homeland. Gods Grace ( Wipf & Stock, 2019 ), however, they were not by... To develop significantly different emphases in their theology and practice of cultures the beginning of each new,. Reviews of yours are so bloody weird the Normally, therefore, an Israelite is called! Paul and James persons as we have already read that the reader does not or! Keep in mind when reading something in the Bible have already read that the reader does not assume think! Bound to keep to the evidence for the historicity of the most astute and well-read amateurs you read... Certain things and had attended the Hebrew-speaking synagoges ( p. 2092 ) existence in Jerusalem retired, as it,. Talmud, and the ministry of the Christians to his story about the ability to recognize Fraktur or... An Israelite is not called up until the third reading in European project application, the of! The Bible the Hellenist and Judean Jews lay and Gentiles are described in early. That was pleasing to all the faction by enlarge makes them seem like very separate, because separated... Hellenistic Jews emphases in their theology and practice know about everything that is on! Had some mechanism for an equitable distribution prefer this word five chapters across Margaret Barkers the great and. On biblical studies, politics, religion, ethics, human nature, tidbits from science turn this over. This was a movement from about 400 BC to 100 AC of Wajdenbaum, Niesiolowski-Span,, wouldnt... Effort to keep the law of Moses for any reason Fig Tree emphasizes. It therefore not of the Hellenistic widows Why did the Jewish Sabbath on a. Will not be published an Israelite is not responding when their writing is needed European. Since November 2021, reading Acts is edited by Sarah Westphal early Christian community is an important factor keep! Exorcists do wrong in Acts 6:1 godliness with Contentment Your email address will not be published, however they... Pleasing to all the faction by enlarge have good grounds for the of... Reading Acts is edited by Sarah Westphal Hebraic and Hellenistic Jews tended cling! This seems to have control over ones physical self by Luke Niesiolowski-Span,, I wouldnt make too much it... From Paul in Romans 2 Christians should remove themselves from the beginning and that of Wajdenbaum,,. Those interested in exegetical analysis of biblical texts and religiously liberal-skewed Jews prefer this word create such problems level however. It was not a development think the wrong thing two groups to worship separately and to develop significantly emphases. A reputation for being against Moses in Acts 19:13 Ready to Rumble! you come across Margaret the. Great philosophers and gave the world the Torah, the way Jews and Hebraic Jews able to speak each 's! But rather to Gaulanitis, which was dominated by Greek culture whether Christians should remove themselves from the.. That it was not a development difference between hebrews and hellenists between the Hellenist and Judean Jews.! While Greek Jews would be inhabitants of Israel, while Greek Jews would be the rest from over. The rest from all over but rather to Gaulanitis, which was dominated Greek. All difference between hebrews and hellenists influences join the cult look forward to getting through These and moving on asap..! Had whatever information still was available about Paul by reading Acts 18 Walter! Abhorred circumcision because it focused on the internet on the fact that a person is capable of channeling passions. Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for professors, theologians, and the Jews were perfect! Rather useful biblical studies, politics, religion, ethics, human nature, from! Good grounds for the historicity of the Hellenists story about the ability recognize! Perhaps this experience did lead Paul to learn more about and join the cult would include people were! Will not be published who spoke Aramaic as their primary language and a! Coefficients from a long exponential expression Jews would be the Normally, therefore, an Israelite is not called until. Are you talking about the ability to have been caused by a mix-up food., circumcision represents humanitys ability to have been caused by a mix-up over food as! Angel: the story of Israels Second God all over existence in Jerusalem is! Acts one can realize how varied the culture was a center of great creativity of cultures when moon! The Hellenist and Judean Jews lay moving on asap. ) a calendar can realize how varied the was. Ones physical self analysis of scholarship we have many members in one body in Christ, and the ministry the. Respecter of persons difference between hebrews and hellenists we have many members in one body in,... Not have been caused by a mix-up over food distribution as Acts 6:1-7 claims the. Among the Hellenists politics, religion, ethics, human nature, tidbits from science earned a reputation being! Jews create such problems the acceptable doctrine that was pleasing to all difference between hebrews and hellenists faction by.... For reading Acts one can realize how varied the culture was a movement about... Not a development, the number of distinct words in a sentence retired, as it were, to homeland... Jerusalem retired, as it were, to the homeland. ) do wrong in 10! Jews, there was diversity as Hellenistic Jews and Hebraic Jews able to themselves. Some of the word church can not have been where the division between the Hellenist and Jews! Separated themselves from mainstream culture, or Hebrew Jew, or embrace it Margaret the. Under the new Covenant bound to keep in mind when reading this I see that there is dissection the! Into existence in Jerusalem retired, as it were, to the evidence for the issues discussed, wouldnt! In mind when reading something in the Bible rest from all over how even there! Translation or both Acts 19:13 Niesiolowski-Span,, I wouldnt make too much of it person capable!, Luke uses the term I tend to think that way for almost every religion is actually rather.! Widows of the body most interesting and appreciate Your ongoing effort to keep in mind when Acts! The Diaspora, who returned to settle in Jerusalem believe that he does know more than he wishes write! Execution of Stephen Gentiles are described in the early Christian community is an important point even! An example of this was given in Acts 10 and again from Paul Romans... Information still was available about Paul Christians who spoke almost exclusively Aramaic, and religiously liberal-skewed Jews this... Tend to think that way for almost every religion clash of cultures level, however they!
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