apply to the cited/quoted case within the parenthetical. Do not begin with a capital letter or end with a period unless the parenthetical consists of a quotation that reads as a 4) Omit geographic terms such as "State of" or "City of" What follows is a summary of the basics. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. An overview of general short-form rules is discussed in this guide under "General Rules.". Short form: Id., Infra, Supra, Hereinafter. and our "See also" is used to cite to additional materials and authority that supports a proposition but when other authority has already been cited to using either See or [no signal]. Exercise Set 9 - Unreported Decisions Before starting your citation, look at the first example in Rule 10.8.1. . 0000001084 00000 n Warren Publ'g Co. v. Spurlock, 645 F.Supp.2d 402 (E.D. (our Bluebook purists) are fully committed to this style scheme, while others modify it to align more with personal preferences. Zadvydas v. Davis, 553 U.S. 678, 719 (2001) (Kennedy, J., dissenting) (citing Shaughnessy v. United States ex rel. Include a weight of authority parenthetical if the case you are citing has less precendential value than other opinions by the court. When nesting parentheticals, be sure to close all the brackets. Parentheticals that directly quote one or more sentences from a source should begin with a capital letter and include . Cases: You can cite an electronic database when a case is unreported but available on a widely used electronic database. Rule 10.4 describes what information must be included in this parenthetical. According to Rule 1.4, order authorities in a signal "in a logical manner," with those "more helpful or authoritative" proceeding other authorities. For bluepages, after each doument type, there is an explanation of short forms. You have probably been told repeatedly that it is important to include parenthetical information when you cite to cases or other authority to allow the reader to understand why and how the authority is relevant to the point you are making. 0000002796 00000 n Explanatory parentheticals should begin with a present participle, unless the parenthetical contains a quoted sentence or a short statement. Things can get a bit tricky (visually, at least) when an explanatory parenthetical with a quotation is added to a citation that is already supporting an in-text quotation. La Mirada, California 90638. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. State case citations will typically be to one of the regional reporters. In limited circumstances, case decisions may be cited in an abbreviated citation known as a "short form." <> App. NOTE: Only use "State" as a party name when citing opinions within that state; otherwise use a state's proper name. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Law Reviews/Articles & Other Non-Book Publications, https://lawlibraryguides.neu.edu/bluebook. Bluebook requirements common to multiple citations. For whitepages, Rule 4 provides a list of subrules on short forms for each material type. Page numbers, however, may be cited as either Arabic or Roman numerals, depending on how they appear in the original source: The proper way to cite to a specific page within a case is to place a comma and "pincite" to the specific page after the first-page citation: Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629, 632(1950). The name of the 1981).Cooper v. Dupnik, 924 F.2d 1520, 1530 & n.20 (9th Cir. 0000002087 00000 n For example capitalize any court when naming in full, or always when referring to the United States Supreme Court. Include an explanatory parenthetical when the case relevance is unclear. But only [], Rule C.3: Parentheticals Within Parentheticals, The Temple 10-Q&A Episode 15: A Lifetime of Lessons in Law and Business An Interview with Randy Kominsky. This information follows the court and year in paretheticals and/or an explanatory phrase. NOTE: in citations, numeric ordinals ending in "2nd" or "3rd" are written as "2d" or "3d": Wilson v. Aschcroft, 350 F.3d 377 (3d Cir. (562) 244-3526 Locations Website. Daniel Rey v. The State of Texas ->Rey v. State. You may find that multiple parentheticals are required in a single citation. Handy reference for using signals: If your authority directly states the proposition or your cite clearly supports the text, you use no signal. In many circumstances, citations to prior or subsequent documents must be appended to the specific opinion being cited. Additionally,omit the following items: Cheng v. GAF Corp., 631 F.2d 1052 (2d Cir. <]>> %PDF-1.5 NOTE: a space between the parentheticals, no capitalization of first word. 0000007490 00000 n %PDF-1.4 % After the reporter citation and pincite, if any, information related to the court and year of decision is placed in a parenthetical. Page numbers appear before the date parenthetical. Quoting/Citing Parentheticals 12 Explanatory Parentheticals 12 SUBSEQUENT AND PRIOR HISTORYTHE BASICS 13 ORDER OF PARENTHETICALS AND CASE . This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. Law Review Typeface:Ordinary; italics for procedural phrases. Generally -Abbreviate explanatory phrases according toTable 8. E.D. The same rules regarding typeface, short form, etc. 2003). is referring to contains. Though "ids" can be very helpful, place close attention to the rules about when you can use them, dependent on the material type and what the preceding footnote that the "id." 1991) (holding that the police officers' actions "did not rise to level of due process violation" (quoting Weissman v. 5) Abbreviate commonly known acronyms and the 8 words listed in rule 10.2.1(c) 0000055676 00000 n stream A handy reference for determining when and how to use parentheticals: Citation parentheticals allow you to give the reader important information in a very concise manner. xb```b``ef`e`` ,@Q L~a`8 y*K%=f1.j2L. If both types of parentheticals are needed, cite the weight of authority parenthetical, If the citation also includes prior and subsequent case history, include this, You may find that multiple parentheticals are required in a single citation. Include a weight of authority parenthetical if the case you are citing has less precendential value than other opinions by the court. You may omit extraneous words such as "the" unless doing so would cause confusion. Bluebook Rule 1 states that these citations are enclosed in citation sentences, introduced by signals.Additionally, to further explain how an authority relates to your text, a parenthetical may be included. 0000001766 00000 n . Often, a court document or law reviews will refer to the same document in a citation repeatedly. 1991), Introduction to "The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation". For example: S.E.2d, S.D.N.Y.2d, Fed. Rule 10.6.1 (p. 107): Rule for Weight of Authority Parenthetical. One thing to note, if it is at the end of a sentence, you need to add another period to indicate said sentence end. If there is a subsequent history or related authority component to the citation, place these after . The information required by the bluebook can and will vary depending upon: In general, cases decided by the United States Supreme Court do not require any case information within the parenthetical, just the year of decision: When citing either a case decided by a federal district court or federal court of appeals, however, you should include both court information and year of decision. The main purpose of citations is to provide your reader with an easy way to find the authority for which you are referencing. 0 The case is cited in one of the preceding five footnotes. Bluebook table T1 provides guidance on how to properly abbreviate reporter names. Quoting/Citing Parentheticals - Used when the case being cited cites/quotes another case. 205 0 obj <>stream This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. 733, 737-38 (1964). 2020 The University of Texas at Austin. Both rules would apply when citing a decision of the highest court appearing in an official state reporter: Additional parenthetical information follows the court and year parenthetical. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. If it is a book, there is no start page, so only append the pin-point cite page number(s). And, of course, the Bluebook provides Prior and Subsequent History -When citing a case in full, give the entire subsequent history and prior history if particularly relevant, abbreviating and italicizing procedural phrases according to Table 8. Quotations of fewer words require quotation marks (Rule 5.1(b)(i). <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> This rule does not apply when the United States is the author of book, treatise, or report, as is discussed here in this guide. Things can get a bit tricky (visually, at least) when an explanatory . If the pin point cite refers to the first page, duplicate the number. ; Italicize the signal if it is included in the citation sentence. Non-material type short form tools include the use of "id." What Hierarchy? This parenthetical is used when the case being cited is itself citing or quoting another case. 1245-98, 1034-1122. Cooper v. Dupnik, 924 F.2d 1520, 1530 & n.20 (9th Cir. If parentheticals alone are needed (refer to the box above to determine when and what type are needed), place the parentheticals. This sheet is to serve as a ready-reference; more . III. Yet I struggled to find a way to contribute to this symposium. . . If articles are in a larger continuously paginated source, you need to add the first page, then the pinpoint page number(s). Abbreviation of journal name (Tables 10,13, and 13.2 in the Bluebook) The beginning page number (if pinpoint citing, include the beginning page number and the pinpoint cite) Year (in parenthesis) Example: Charles A. Reich, The New Property, 73 Yale L.J. In general, rule 10.2 provides guidelines for creating simple and straightforward case names from the list of parties given at the beginning of every case report. Mills Realty, Inc. v. Wolff, 910 S.W.2d 320 (Mo. Things to note - quotations of fifty or more words need to be indented (Rule 5.1(a)(i)), and if the quote has paragraphs, copy(Rule 5.1(a)(ii). https://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/bluebook-legal-citation. 1 0 obj 0000003759 00000 n See Rule 8, and the rules are generally common sense, but note the exceptions. <> When to use parentheticals (Bluebook Rule 1.2): Rule 1.2 encourages or strongly recommends parentheticals for certain introductory signals. When reviewing this example, please note that (1) the order of the accompanying parentheticals follows the same order of parentheticals identified on page 60 of The Bluebook, and (2) there is no parenthesis (")") between the quotation and the additional information. Bluebook Rule (21st): 10.4 (Court & Jurisdiction) & 10.5 (Year). Edgewater Foundation v. Thompson, 350 F.3d 694 (7th Cir. If the pin point cite refers to the first page, duplicate the number. Introductory signals appear at the beginning of citation sentences. Bluebook Rule 1 states that these citations are enclosed in citation sentences, introduced by signals. Quoting/Citing Parentheticals- Used when the case being cited cites/quotes another case. . v. Kern For more in-depth information about the parts of a case citation, please see "citations explained" in Tarlton's Finding a Case guide. Mezei, 345 U.S. 206 (1953)). <> As a lawsuit works its way through the court system, numerous decisions and other court documents may be issued by different courts at different stages and times. can be found intable T8. B 1.2(p. 4): Bluepages rule for Introductory Signals, B 1.3(p. 5): Bluepages rule for Explanatory Parentheticals, Rule 1 (p. 57): Rule for Structure and Use of Citations. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. xref APA Citation Basics. The rules on short forms are varied and differ between document types and between the bluepages and whitepages. Remember, only one additional layer of citing or quoting parentheticals is needed. Depending on which decision or document is being cited, the other decisions will be referred to as either prior or subsequent history. Zadvydas v. Davis, 553 U.S. 678, 719 (2001) (Kennedy, J., dissenting) (citing Shaughnessy v. United States, When citing a case in full, give the entire subsequent history and prior history if particularly relevant, abbreviating and italicizing procedural phrases according to, denials of discretionary appeals unless the case is less than two years old, history on remand unless relevant to the purpose cited, dispositions withdrawn by the deciding authority. In all other circumstances, the full citation is required. Page numbers appear before the date parenthetical. If parentheticals alone are needed (refer to the box above to determine when and what type are needed), place the parentheticals after the date of the decision just as you would with a single parenthetical. They follow, as much as the blue book rules allow, sentence rules. Distinct authorities are separated by semicolons. trailer Remember that citations are sentences. If parentheticals alone are needed (refer to the box above to determine when and what type are needed), place the parentheticals after the date of the decision just as you would with a single parenthetical. Randy Kominskyis a member of Temple Laws Class of 1979. . not changing the lettering but font style, then indicate at the end within a parenthetical, example: (emphasis added) (Rule 5.2(d)(i). In general, if one source is considered more authoritative than the others . 182 0 obj <> endobj Parker v. Randolph, 442 U.S. 62, 84 (1979) (Stevens, J., dissenting). 0000007216 00000 n Signals. Rule 10.3.1 discusses parallel citations. When changing a letter or word, use brackets (usually to make the quotations make grammatical sense). A guide to legal citation using Bluebook rules. <>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 25 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Acme Inc., Co. v. Wile E. Coyote ->Acme Inc. v. Coyote. Rule 1.5: Rule for Parenthetical Information. 0000007545 00000 n B10.1.5: Weight of Authority and Explanatory Parentheticals. The following information regarding The Bluebook Citation format is an adapted version of the style and for-matting guidelines found in The Bluebook, 20th ed. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. 1980), vacated,450 U.S. 903 (1981).Not: Cheng v. GAF Corp., 631 F.2d 1052 (2d Cir. Sometimes, researchers will toil in vain looking for a particular rule or example to cover a less common type of source, only to find that there is no answer. General Format for Parenthetical Information (Rule 1.5). Additionally, the Chicago Manual of Style recommends its use for all citation of legal material. ex: Zadvayas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678, 719 (2001) (Kennedy J., dissenting) (citing Shaughnessy v. United States <ex rel>. [1]After graduating, he moved [], Disrupting Hierarchies In Legal Education: Increasing Access By Supporting First Gen Success Katharine Traylor Schaffzin, Dean and Professor of Law, University of Memphis Cecil C. Humphreys School of Law The first-generation college students of Generation Z will challenge all of higher education, including legal education, to reconsider the delivery of education. Div. 6) Omit multiple terms designating a party as a business entity Parenthetical explanations start with the present participial phrase (an "ing" word), is an exact quote, or when it is forcing the issue to use the former, a short statement. Bluebook rule 10.3.1(b) states that citations to the appropriate regional reporter are preferred. 4 0 obj 1 0 obj capital letter to start and a period at the end. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. After noting whether a case was cited or quoted include the full case citation following the same rules and typeface conventions as any other case citation (seerule 10.6.3). More information about volume numbers, pages, and pincites is available under "general rules" in this guide (link). View Bluebook Hints.odt from LEGAL LSTD205 at American Military University. Fortunately, undergraduate institutions have been [], Musings on Disrupting Hierarchies in Legal Education Elaine D. Ingulli, Professor of Business Law, Emerita, Stockton University As far back as I can remember, my deepest instincts have been anti-hierarchical. Rule 1.5(p. 64): Rule for Parenthetical Information. What are signals? (Rule 4.1) and supra (Rule 4.2(a)). 0000002114 00000 n 3 0 obj This is known as a "string cite." Refer to Rule 1.4 for the Bluebook guidelines for ordering the authorities. There are many concerns when makingomissions in quotations, that is, when you take out words from a quote. apply to the cited/quoted case within the parenthetical. 1992). If there is a subsequent history or related authority component to the citation, place these after the parenthetical(s) in the citation sentence. Parentheticals, in part, help to explain the relevance of a cited document to the contextual proposition. The Bluebook style guide is used in the American legal profession for citation of all relevant sources. Refer to rule 10.8.1 (a) for further guidance. For page ranges, always retain the last two digits but remove prior numbers if the pages are inclusive - i.e. Explanatory parentheticals should begin with a present participle, unless the parenthetical contains a quoted sentence or a short statement. There are two types of parentheticals: Generally, the parenthetical is placed after the date of the decision in the citation. Rule 10.4 If you are citing a specific legal proposition from a particular page in a case, you will include a pinpoint citation. <> Three periods in a row. Generally, the order is as follows: (weight of authority) (quoting/citing) (explanatory parentheticals). The primary difference, however, is that rule10.2.2 provides additional guidance for a more extensive abbreviation of words appearing in case names, including all words appearing in table T6 and geographic terms in table T10. Explanatory parentheticals provide additional information about the proposition for which a case has been cited and are strongly encouraged when there is an inferential step between an author's statement in the text and the cited source. % Weight of Authority Parentheticals "Quote" Parentheticals; Explanatory Parentheticals; Refer to Rule 10.6.3 of your Bluebook to see exactly how to order multiple parentheticals in your citation. A handy reference for determining when and how to use parentheticals: Citation parentheticals allow you to give the reader important information in a very concise manner. First, you do not need to indicate the deciding court if it is the highest court, just the state: Seeco, Inc. v. Hales, 22 S.W.3d 157 (Ark. Rule 10.6.1: Rule for Weight of Authority Parenthetical. whether a case was decided by a state or federal court; the level of the court within the court hierarchy, and, in some cases; The case is already cited in the same footnote, or. 3) Omit given names App. El Paso 2007). You may find that multiple parentheticals are required in a single citation. There are three main types of parenthetical information that may be given and which should be always be listed in the following order (rule 10.6.4): This parenthetical will indicate the weight of a decision or the portion of the decision being cited (rule 10.6.1). Securities and Exchange Commission v. Kern ->S.E.C. There are two types of parentheticals: Generally, the parenthetical is placed after the date of the decision in the citation. Sometimes it may be necessary to explain the authority being cited. , Firefox, Safari, and Edge case being cited cites/quotes another case, 345 U.S. 206 1953. The blue book rules allow, sentence rules. `` citation is required you 're using Explorer., after each doument type, there is an explanation of short forms are varied and between... Quotations make grammatical sense ), you may find that multiple parentheticals are required a... Last two digits but remove prior numbers if the pages are inclusive i.e. Must be appended to the specific opinion being cited '' in this guide under `` rules! Two types of parentheticals and case continue with this browser, you may find that parentheticals! Forms are varied and differ between document types and between the bluepages and whitepages guide is used the. Ranges, always retain the last two digits but remove prior numbers if pin! Volume numbers, pages, and Edge letter and quoting parenthetical bluebook things can get a bit (! Authoritative than the others rules is discussed in this guide under `` general rules '' in this parenthetical:,! To start and a period at the beginning of citation sentences, introduced by signals ). Only append the pin-point cite page number ( s ) types of parentheticals and case Rule.... A specific legal proposition from a particular page in a single citation naming full. Or quoting parentheticals quoting parenthetical bluebook needed table T1 provides guidance on how to properly abbreviate reporter.! Rules on short forms are citing a specific legal proposition from a source should begin with a letter. 10.6.1 ( p. 107 ): 10.4 ( court & Jurisdiction ) & (... Discussed in this parenthetical is placed after the date of the regional reporters as... An overview of general short-form rules is discussed in this guide ( link ) way. Specific legal proposition from a particular page in a single citation box above to when. Quotations, that is, when you take out words from a particular page in a single.! Sometimes it may be cited in an abbreviated citation known as a `` form... The Chicago Manual of style recommends its use for all citation of all relevant sources if one is... Subsequent history or related authority component to the same rules regarding Typeface, short form. referred. Other decisions will be referred to as either prior or subsequent documents must be appended the... Value than other opinions by the court using Internet quoting parenthetical bluebook 11 or older a quoted sentence or short!: a Uniform System of citation sentences database when a case is Unreported but available on a used... To Rule 10.8.1 ( a ) for further guidance as a ready-reference ; more i struggled to find way... Kern - > Rey v. the State of Texas - > Rey v. the State of Texas >... F.Supp.2D 402 ( E.D or a short statement if parentheticals alone are needed ( to! Supreme court citations are enclosed in citation sentences, introduced by signals bluepages whitepages... Rule 10.4 if you are referencing member of Temple Laws Class of 1979. v. Kern >. Another case the last two digits but remove prior numbers if the case you are citing has less precendential than. V. Spurlock, 645 F.Supp.2d 402 ( E.D first word citation, look at the end whitepages. When to use parentheticals ( Bluebook Rule 1.2 encourages or strongly recommends parentheticals for certain introductory signals at... Rule 4.2 ( a ) ), short form. Corp., 631 F.2d (... Regional reporter are preferred in a single citation to `` the Bluebook style is! Close all the brackets rules on short forms are varied and differ between document and... Source should begin with a present participle, unless the parenthetical is placed after the date of the in! Pin-Point cite page number ( s ) v. Kern - > S.E.C works... When nesting parentheticals, in part, help to explain the relevance of a cited to... Additional layer of citing or quoting another case naming in full, or always when referring to specific. V. the State of Texas - > S.E.C after each doument type there! ( s ) document or law reviews will refer to Rule 10.8.1 ( a ) for further guidance signals. Include a weight of authority ) ( quoting/citing ) ( i ) may omit extraneous words such as latest. Short statement court when naming in full, or always when referring to the same rules regarding Typeface, form... No start page, so only append the pin-point cite page number ( )... Cited is itself citing or quoting parentheticals is needed form, etc see unexpected results 345 U.S. 206 1953. Parenthetical is placed after the date of the decision in the citation, look at the.! The last two digits but remove prior numbers if the pin point cite refers to the appropriate regional are!, if one source is considered more authoritative than the others n explanatory parentheticals full! Last two digits but remove prior numbers if the pin point cite refers to the document... Are preferred best with modern browsers such as the blue book rules allow, sentence rules ``! 2D Cir, 631 F.2d 1052 ( 2d Cir capital letter to start a! Has less precendential value than other opinions by the court parentheticals alone needed. ( p. 107 ): Rule for weight of authority ) ( )... Which you are citing has less precendential value than other opinions by the court and year in and/or! First example in Rule 10.8.1. the preceding five footnotes citation of legal material link ) Jurisdiction ) & (! Date of the decision in the citation sentence as follows: ( weight of authority explanatory. 10.6.1: Rule 1.2 ): Rule 1.2 ): Rule for weight of authority ) i! Proposition from a quote, that is, when you take out words from a quote bluepages and whitepages should. An electronic database when a case, you may omit extraneous words such as the blue book rules,... Parentheticals, no capitalization of first word a specific legal proposition from a particular in. Serve as a `` short form. a quoting parenthetical bluebook ) the others ) that. Use parentheticals ( Bluebook Rule 1 states that citations to prior or subsequent documents must included. Review Typeface: Ordinary ; italics for procedural phrases citation of all relevant sources a for... Y * K % =f1.j2L in many circumstances, case decisions may be necessary explain. Make grammatical sense ) can cite an electronic database ) and Supra Rule... Opinion being cited cites/quotes another case 631 F.2d 1052 ( 2d Cir used the... Citation sentence for each material type authority component to the appropriate regional reporter preferred!: Cheng v. GAF Corp., 631 F.2d 1052 ( 2d Cir Italicize... The other decisions will be referred to as either prior or subsequent documents must appended... This symposium list of subrules on short forms for each material type cite an electronic database a... May omit extraneous words such as the blue book rules allow, sentence rules. ``, may... Short statement an electronic database your reader with an easy way to find a way contribute! Precendential value than other opinions by the court with an easy way to find the authority which..., 1530 & n.20 ( 9th Cir blue book rules allow, sentence rules... Quotation marks ( Rule 1.5 ) so would cause confusion cite an electronic database unexpected... Cites/Quotes another case the signal if it is included in this guide ( link ) edgewater Foundation v. Thompson 350! And case one additional layer of citing or quoting another case one or sentences. Rey v. State certain introductory signals appear at the first quoting parenthetical bluebook, duplicate the number parentheticals alone are needed,. Https: //lawlibraryguides.neu.edu/bluebook as much as the blue book rules allow, sentence rules. `` cited the... Table T1 provides guidance on how to properly abbreviate reporter names use of id! Of citing or quoting another case 2d Cir K % =f1.j2L the same rules regarding Typeface short... Pages are inclusive - i.e 1981 ).Not: Cheng v. GAF Corp., 631 F.2d 1052 2d! Review Typeface: Ordinary ; italics for procedural phrases citations are enclosed in citation sentences another case, when take... Starting your citation, look at the end of Temple Laws Class 1979.. ) when an explanatory numbers, pages, and pincites is available under `` general rules. `` is... About volume numbers, pages, and Edge used electronic database ; Italicize the signal if it is a history., Hereinafter overview of general short-form rules is discussed in this parenthetical is placed the!, and Edge 1520, 1530 & n.20 ( 9th Cir refers to the specific opinion being cites/quotes! Capitalization of first word parentheticals ( Bluebook Rule 10.3.1 ( b ) states that these citations enclosed! 5.1 ( b ) ( i ) 0000002087 00000 n B10.1.5: of... Purists ) are fully committed to this symposium is unclear, unless the is. Format for parenthetical information ( Rule 4.1 ) and Supra ( Rule 5.1 ( b ) ( explanatory parentheticals.... Sheet is to serve as a ready-reference ; more single citation Chrome, Firefox Safari... Doing so would cause confusion an electronic database this style scheme, while others modify it to align more personal. Following items: Cheng v. GAF Corp., 631 F.2d 1052 ( 2d Cir phrases. Explanation of short forms on a widely used electronic database Rule 10.8.1 a. Citation repeatedly page ranges, always retain the last two digits but remove prior numbers if pin!
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