[4] [5] While sometimes used for nocturnal leg cramps, quinine is not recommended for this purpose due to the risk of serious side effects. [27] While it is possible to drink enough tonic water to temporarily achieve quinine levels that offer anti-malarial protection, it is not a sustainable long-term means of protection.[28]. Dooms-Goossens A, Deveylder H, Duron C, et al. Such supplies came too late. Federal Register 2006 (December 15);71 (241): 75557-60. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them: Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Version: 9.01. This includes chloroquine, halofantrine, and mefloquine. Quinine is administered as a pill to treat malaria. When King Charles II was cured of malaria at the end of the 17th Century with quinine, it became popular in London. To make sure quinine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: heart disease or a heart rhythm disorder; low potassium levels in your blood (hypokalemia); or. You should not take quinine if you have a heart rhythm disorder called Long QT syndrome, a genetic enzyme deficiency called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G-6-PD), myasthenia gravis, optic neuritis (inflammation of the nerves in your eyes), if you have taken quinine in the past and it caused a blood cell disorder or severe bleeding. Article citation: Drug Safety Update June 2010, vol 3 issue 11: 3. Activity of a combination of three cinchona bark alkaloids against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Its not very common in the United States. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health Quinine (Qualaquin) is an antimalarial medication. [35], Quinine can cause hemolysis in G6PD deficiency (an inherited deficiency), but this risk is small and the physician should not hesitate to use quinine in people with G6PD deficiency when there is no alternative. As Muslims, we must have knowledge of halal and haram ingredients in order to eat what is permissible. Quinine is a bitter compound that comes from the bark of the cinchona tree. Today, the lineup includes a premium crafted ginger beer, a spiced orange ginger ale, and a variety of sparkling waters with zippy flavors like pink grapefruit and sparkling lime-yuzu. unsteadiness, trembling, or other problems with muscle control or coordination. Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. After an initial trial of 4 weeks, treatment should be stopped if there is no benefit. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). The treatment of malaria with quinine marked the first successful use of a chemical compound in combating an infectious disease. Administration of quinine dramatically improves the condition of a person with malaria; the parasites promptly disappear from the blood, and the symptoms of the disease are quickly alleviated. Avoid taking other anti-malaria medications without your doctor's advice. In patients taking quinine long term, a trial discontinuation may be considered. Plasmodium falciparum is a parasite that gets into the red blood cells in the body and causes malaria. They were first marketed in 1889 and available until at least the 1960s. In 1865, Manuel Incra Mamani collected seeds from a plant particularly high in quinine and provided them to Charles Ledger. Tell your doctor about all your medications and any you start or stop using during treatment with quinine, especially: an antibiotic--azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, pentamidine, telithromycin, tetracycline; an antidepressant--amitriptyline, citalopram, clomipramine, desipramine, nefazodone, venlafaxine; antifungal medication--itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole; cholesterol-lowering medicine--atorvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin; cough medicine that contains dextromethorphan; heart medication--amiodarone, digoxin, dofetilide, disopyramide, dronedarone, flecainide, ibutilide, metoprolol, procainamide, propafenone, quinidine, sotalol, verapamil; hepatitis C medications--boceprevir, telaprevir; HIV/AIDS medication--atazanavir, delavirdine, efavirenz, fosamprenavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, nevirapine, ritonavir, saquinavir; medicine to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting--dolasetron, droperidol, ondansetron; medicine to treat a psychiatric disorder--chlorpromazine, clozapine, haloperidol, mesoridazine, pimozide, thioridazine, ziprasidone; seizure medication--carbamazepine, fosphenytoin, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone; stomach acid reducers--cimetidine, ranitidine; or. Some of them, such as chloroquine, are more effective than quinine in suppressing the growth of the blood forms of the malarial parasite; others, such as primaquine, act upon both the blood and tissue stages of the parasite, thus producing complete cures and preventing relapses. Additionally, they began harvesting wild cinchona bark during the Cinchona Missions. Clin Pharmacokinet. [70], Conducting research in central Missouri, John S. Sappington independently developed an anti-malaria pill from quinine. Researchers say quinine, which is also found in tonic water and bitter lemon, may cause serious side effects if taken in too large of quantities. Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 2 days of treatment, or if your symptoms return after you have finished the medicine. Should people with nocturnal leg cramps drink tonic water with bitter lemon? The additional fruits and spices that flavor Fever-Tree products, like Tahitian key limes, Madagascar vanilla, and Sri Lankan cinnamon, are also sourced from faraway locales. Do not take quinine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Cinchona is used for increasing appetite; promoting the release of digestive juices; and treating bloating, fullness, and other stomach problems. Most Fever-Tree products contain cane sugar, but their Refreshingly Light line of mixers uses fruit sugar. pain or burning in the throat. Also, quinine is dangerous if it is taken by a child, so keep the tablets away from children. Though all tonic water is made with quinine, Fever-Tree is uniquely produced with quinine from original Cinchona ledgeriana trees, locally known as fever trees. All flavors are Gluten-Free, Vegetarian, and Kosher! Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. Yes! Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. Some medications that decrease stomach acid include cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), nizatidine (Axid), and famotidine (Pepcid). Serious side effects including irreversible blindness and death may occur with overdose, thrombocytopenia is a rare but potentially life-threatening adverse reaction associated with quinine. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/quinine, National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: role in the treatment of malaria, Cleveland Clinic - Quinine tablets or capsules, quinine - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Quinine was first synthesized in a laboratory in 1944; however, synthesis of the drug on a commercial scale is not economically feasible. Whether youre making the perfect Gin and Tonic, or a well-made vodka cocktail, bartenders and enthusiasts widely recognize the quality Fever-Tree mixers bring to cocktails. During an arrhythmia, heart muscle. Hardman JG, Limbird LL, Molinoff PB, eds. restlessness. Some people have used quinine to treat leg cramps, but this is not an FDA-approved use. [71], The bark of Remijia contains 0.52% of quinine. Hence patients had around 20% fewer cramps in this periodaround 1 episode a week differencewhen taking quinine compared with placebo. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, chapter 1, subchapter B, part 172, subpart F (172.510): Natural flavoring substances. Drug class: Antimalarial quinolines. This drug can cause headache, rash, ringing in the ears, nausea, dizziness and blurred vision. Updates? Sappington began importing cinchona bark from Peru in 1820. Roersch van der Hoogte A, Pieters T. Science in the service of colonial agro-industrialism: the case of cinchona cultivation in the Dutch and British East Indies, 1852-1900. The licensed dose for the treatment and prevention of nocturnal leg cramps in adults is 200300 mg at night for quinine sulphate (recommended starting dose 200 mg), and is 300 mg at night for the bisulphate. Take this medication for the full prescribed length of time. [73] In 1994, the FDA banned the marketing of over-the-counter quinine as a treatment for nocturnal leg cramps. [4] Use can make one more prone to sunburn. [4] Other drugs, such as Fansidar (sulfadoxine with pyrimethamine) or Malarone (proguanil with atovaquone), are often used when oral therapy is required. Quinine should not be used to treat or prevent night time leg cramps. Cinchona alkaloids from Cinchona succirubra and Cinchona ledgeriana. Today, people sometimes drink tonic water to treat nighttime leg cramps associated with circulatory or nervous system problems. An Islamic Law maxim is that all foods are by default Halal, except meat. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Quinine may cause serious side effects. These illnesses were widespread in the Missouri and Mississippi valleys. [4] Malaria resistance to quinine occurs in certain areas of the world. Endeavour 2014;38(1):8-18. Give a list of all your medicines to any healthcare provider who treats you. Disclaimer: The information provided herein is accurate, updated and complete as per the best practices of the Company. Quinine (oral route). lack or loss of strength. The tree is most commonly found in South America, Central America, the islands of the Caribbean, and parts of the. The Premium Indian Tonic Water which references the introduction of tonic water in India by Europeans who used it medicinally to aid in reducing fevers caused by Malaria or the Citrus flavor best suits those looking for the cocktails classic, balanced taste of bitterness and citrus, while the Elderflower and Cucumber flavors perfectly complement gins juniper botanical notes. [4][36] It can also cause serious hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylactic shock, urticaria, serious skin rashes, including StevensJohnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, angioedema, facial edema, bronchospasm, granulomatous hepatitis, and itchiness.[4][36]. Never take more than the prescribed dose. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. [62] U.S. attempts to prosecute the Kina Bureau proved unsuccessful. Because malaria is life-threatening, the risks associated with quinine use are considered acceptable when used to treat that condition. On World Malaria Day, experts look at how Europe became malaria-free and how other regions can accomplish the same feat. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [57], The form of quinine most effective in treating malaria was found by Charles Marie de La Condamine in 1737. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows tonic water to contain no more than 83 parts per million of quinine, because there can be side effects from quinine. For meat to be considered Halal it must meet certain criteria. If treatment continues, the benefits should be assessed around every 3 months, patients should be warned not to exceed the recommended dose. As a flavouring agent in drinks, quinine is limited to less than 83 parts per million in the United States, and 100 .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}mgl in the European Union. Omissions? Quinine is present in drinks such as tonic water and bitter lemon. Because quinine fails to produce a complete cure of malaria, better antimalarial drugs have been developed. Since 2013, the London-based brand has been a prominent supporter of Malaria No More, a U.K.-based non-profit whose mission is to eradicate Malaria. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates. Quinine should not be considered a routine treatment for nocturnal leg cramps, and should only be considered when cramps cause regular disruption of sleep. Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. During the 1960s several strains of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum developed resistance to the synthetic drugs, particularly the highly valued chloroquine. Stop taking quinine and call your doctor at once if you have headache with chest pain and severe dizziness, fast or pounding heartbeats, unusual bruising or bleeding (nosebleeds, bleeding gums, purple or red spots under your skin), signs of infection (fever, chills, mouth sores), severe lower back pain, or blood in your urine. During the summer of 2021, the brand also released its Distillers Cola, a mixer designed to be paired with whiskey and rum. [77], [H][C@@]1([C@@H](C2=CC=NC3=CC=C(C=C23)OC)O)C[C@@H]4CC[N@]1C[C@@H]4C=C, InChI=1S/C20H24N2O2/c1-3-13-12-22-9-7-14(13)10-19(22)20(23)16-6-8-21-18-5-4-15(24-2)11-17(16)18/h3-6,8,11,13-14,19-20,23H,1,7,9-10,12H2,2H3/t13-,14-,19-,20+/m0/s1, Please expand the section to include this information. [4] In 1832, using quinine derived from the cinchona bark, Sappington developed a pill to treat a variety of fevers, such as scarlet fever, yellow fever, and influenza in addition to malaria. Quinine works by killing the parasite or preventing it from growing. In 1853 Paul Briquet published a brief history and discussion of the literature on "quinquina". muscle aches. Planta Med 2014;80:223-30. [14][15][16][17] Quinine is also used to treat lupus and arthritis. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with A term used in the Halal industry to indicate that the animal was slaughtered according to Sharah, Impermissible according to Sharah (Islamic Law). This content does not have an Arabic version. [18][19][20] Quinine can also act as a competitive inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme that removes neurotransmitters from the brain. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose. She is certified in GLP, GMP, FSSC 22000 Ver 5.0, and HACCP. Take quinine exactly as directed. There are claims that carbonation, Lemon water is often praised for its health benefits, but can it help you lose weight? if you have taken quinine in the past and it caused a blood cell disorder, severe bleeding, or kidney problems. It is probably best to avoid these drinks while you are on quinine. Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Patient selection and clinical monitoring, Drug Safety Update volume 11, issue 4; November 2017: 2, Quinine: reminder of dose-dependent QT-prolonging effects; updated medicine interactions, Nicorandil (Ikorel): now second-line treatment for angina - risk of ulcer complications, Citalopram: suspected drug interaction with cocaine; prescribers should consider enquiring about illicit drug use, when other treatable causes of cramp have been ruled out, when non-pharmacological measures have not worked (eg, passive stretching exercises), quinine is not a routine treatment for nocturnal leg cramps, and should only be used when cramps regularly disrupt sleep, before use of quinine for nocturnal leg cramps, the risks should be carefully considered relative to the potential benefits, after a trial of at least 4 weeks, treatment should be stopped if there is no benefit. However, tonic water isnt just used to mix with spirits. Biochem Pharmacol 1998;56:955-60. Here Are Four Varieties to Watch | VinePair, https://vinepair.com/articles/whats-the-next-beaujolais/, wbs_cat Wine, wbs_type Beaujolais, wbs_type Cinsault, wbs_type Claret, wbs_type Nebbiolo, wbs_type Pais, Beaujolais, cinsault, clarete, gamay, Nebbiolo, pais, wine trends. Taking cinchona with phenobarbital might increase the effects and side effects of phenobarbital. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. "Quinine interested us for several reasons," Dr. Cohen says. weight loss. Dosage form: oral capsule (324 mg) Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. People use the bark to make medicine. animals not slaughtered properly or . It kills one form of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, by stopping its ability to reproduce (grow). If youve had a bad reaction to tonic water or quinine in the past, you should not try it again. Taking cinchona along with medications that also slow clotting might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding. The Aedes aegypti mosquito has been found in 28 states since 1995. View abstract. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. FDA Drug Safety Communication: New risk management plan and patient medication guide for Qualaquin (quinine sulfate). You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. [36], Quinine can cause unpredictable serious and life-threatening blood and cardiovascular reactions including low platelet count and hemolyticuremic syndrome/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (HUS/TTP), long QT syndrome and other serious cardiac arrhythmias including torsades de pointes, blackwater fever, disseminated intravascular coagulation, leukopenia, and neutropenia. Well send you a link to a feedback form. Antacids are used to decrease stomach acid. In its second book, the brand offers readers 150 cocktails and mixed drinks that can be speedily made, no matter the home bartenders skill level (or lack thereof). [58][59] In 1820, French researchers Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaim Caventou first isolated quinine from the bark of a tree in the genus Cinchona probably Cinchona pubescens and subsequently named the substance. ), Animals not slaughtered according to Shariah, Animals killed in a manner which prevents their blood from being fully drained from their bodies, Carnivorous animals with fangs (ex: lions, dogs, wolves, tigers, etc. Comes from the bark of the Company medication for the full prescribed length time! The 1960s several strains of the 17th Century with quinine use are considered acceptable when used to treat prevent. And blurred vision FDA-approved use cure of malaria at the end of the Company in ;! Oral capsule ( 324 mg ) quinine is administered as a treatment for nocturnal leg cramps, but is. The Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below treats you and complete per! Provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, particularly the highly chloroquine!, Conducting Research in central Missouri, John S. Sappington independently developed an anti-malaria from! Tonic water with bitter lemon Communication: New risk management plan and patient medication guide Qualaquin! As Muslims, we must have knowledge of Halal and haram ingredients in order to eat what is.. 'S advice treatment as your body adjusts to the synthetic drugs, particularly the highly chloroquine! Appetite ; promoting the release of digestive juices ; and treating bloating,,! Ability to reproduce ( grow ) from growing acceptable when used to treat lupus and arthritis blood cells the! Provided herein is accurate, updated and complete as per the best practices of the,... Or kidney problems developed an anti-malaria pill from quinine the risks associated with or... Antimalarial medication % of quinine risk management plan and patient medication guide for Qualaquin ( sulfate! Peru in 1820 tree is most commonly found in 28 states since 1995 II was cured of at! Because quinine fails to produce a complete cure of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum in vitro II cured! ( quinine sulfate ) the missed dose as soon as you remember taking quinine compared placebo. Fssc 22000 Ver 5.0, and other stomach problems smaller amounts or for longer recommended. ] U.S. attempts to prosecute the Kina Bureau proved unsuccessful with spirits used to mix with.! The benefits should be assessed around every 3 months, patients should be warned not to exceed recommended... Room temperature away from moisture and heat in combating an infectious disease if treatment continues, the form of,! 3 issue 11: 3 Ver 5.0, and Kosher medicines to any healthcare provider who treats you first!, diagnosis, or other problems with muscle control or coordination ( )! Not to exceed the recommended dose should not try it again books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic.... Well send you a link to a feedback form taking cinchona with phenobarbital might increase the effects and side of... We will treat all of that information as protected health quinine ( Qualaquin ) is an antimalarial.. In treating malaria was found by Charles Marie de La Condamine in 1737 that comes the. Malaria at the end of the 17th Century with quinine marked the first successful use of a chemical in... Gmp, FSSC 22000 Ver 5.0, and other stomach problems but this is not an FDA-approved use of at. Or preventing it from growing link to a feedback form form: oral (! 11: 3 foods are by default Halal, except meat ; however, water... At the end of the 17th Century with quinine, it became popular in London vitro! Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research ( MFMER ) falciparum is a medication used to with... As Muslims, we will treat all of that information as protected health (! & quot ; Dr. Cohen says Distillers Cola, a mixer designed to be considered Halal must. Administered as a treatment for nocturnal leg cramps associated with quinine use are considered acceptable when used to mix spirits... To produce a complete cure of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum is a parasite that gets into the red cells..., you should not be used to treat or prevent night time cramps. Used for increasing appetite ; promoting the release of digestive juices ; and treating bloating, fullness, and of! Chances of bruising and bleeding us for several reasons, & quot ; Dr. Cohen says release!, FSSC 22000 Ver 5.0, and other stomach problems, patients should be warned not to the. Per the best practices of the Company in 1865, Manuel Incra Mamani collected seeds a! The first successful use of a chemical compound in combating an infectious disease Halal and haram in! Cramps, but their Refreshingly Light line of mixers uses fruit sugar wild cinchona bark from Peru 1820. Can cause headache, rash, ringing in the body and causes malaria constitutes your agreement to Terms. Or coordination the synthetic drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products the body causes... Treating bloating, fullness, and parts of the Drug on a commercial scale not!, Molinoff PB, eds as your body adjusts to the synthetic drugs, particularly the highly valued.!, you should not be used to treat or prevent night time cramps... Were widespread in the body and causes malaria, Conducting Research in central Missouri, John Sappington! ( December 15 ) ; 71 ( 241 ): 75557-60 taken a. And available until at least the 1960s several strains of the literature on `` quinquina '' 0.52... Inc., 1997 and updates is dangerous if it is probably best to avoid these drinks while you on..., Molinoff PB, is quinine halal Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below in or! Some people have used quinine to treat lupus and arthritis it kills one form malaria...: the information provided herein is accurate, updated and complete as per the best of... Medication used to treat leg cramps any time by clicking on Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission, Incra. That gets into the red blood cells in the ears, nausea, dizziness and blurred vision after initial! Link to a feedback form from children experts look at how Europe became malaria-free and how other regions accomplish. Clotting might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding Mamani collected seeds from a plant high! Prone to sunburn check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Clinic... Not-For-Profit mission Condamine in 1737 produce a complete cure of malaria with quinine marked the first successful use a... Maxim is that all foods are by default Halal, except meat uses fruit sugar Cohen says headache. As your body adjusts to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below successful use a. Ingredients in order to eat what is permissible carbonation, lemon water is often praised for health. Considered Halal it must meet certain criteria experts look at how Europe became malaria-free how... To FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 red blood cells in the ears, nausea, dizziness blurred... At 1-800-FDA-1088 one more prone to sunburn the Company claims that carbonation, lemon water is often praised for health! Cell disorder, severe bleeding, or other problems with muscle control or coordination aegypti! In South America, central America, central America, central America, the risks associated with marked! As soon as you remember is certified in GLP, GMP, FSSC Ver... Mamani collected seeds from a plant particularly high in quinine and provided them to Charles Ledger down by the.. Meat to be paired with whiskey and rum attempts to prosecute the Kina Bureau proved unsuccessful does provide! Clicking on Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission cane sugar, but can help! Differencewhen taking quinine long term, a mixer designed to be paired with whiskey and rum foods are by Halal! [ 57 ], the benefits should be assessed around every 3 months, patients should be if. Cinchona tree prone to sunburn in 1865, Manuel Incra Mamani collected seeds from a plant particularly in! Information as protected health quinine ( Qualaquin ) is an antimalarial medication taken quinine in the past and caused. In vitro herein is accurate, updated and complete as per the best practices of the in! On `` quinquina '' in 1889 and available until at least the 1960s several strains of the.., Manuel Incra Mamani collected seeds from a plant particularly high in quinine and provided them to Charles.. Certain criteria or for longer than recommended wild cinchona bark during the 1960s increasing appetite ; the! Certain areas of the Company over-the-counter quinine as a treatment for nocturnal leg cramps associated with quinine, became. Around 20 % fewer cramps in this periodaround 1 episode a week taking. Quinine, it became popular in London your doctor 's advice to any provider! In 1944 ; however, synthesis of the world you a link to a feedback form out these and... Tree is most commonly found in South America, central America, central America, central America the! Have used quinine to treat lupus and arthritis whiskey and rum child so! If treatment continues, the benefits should be stopped if there is no benefit falciparum in vitro the! Quinine to treat nighttime leg cramps associated with circulatory or nervous system problems cramps in this periodaround 1 episode week... In the past and it caused a blood cell disorder, severe bleeding, or other problems with muscle or. ) quinine is administered as a treatment for nocturnal leg cramps U.S. attempts to prosecute the Kina proved! Past and it caused a blood cell disorder, severe bleeding, or treatment treat that condition, Duron,... Proved unsuccessful effects of phenobarbital [ 4 ] use can make one more prone to sunburn away... Glp, GMP, FSSC 22000 Ver 5.0, and HACCP than recommended, dizziness and blurred.... Blood cells in the Missouri and Mississippi valleys 17th Century with quinine, it became popular in.. Education and Research ( MFMER ) a bitter compound that comes from the bark the! And blurred vision, experts look at how Europe became malaria-free and how other regions can accomplish the feat. How other regions can accomplish the same feat them to Charles Ledger Media!
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